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Iftikhar Channa
Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany

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Journal article
Published: 06 August 2021 in Coatings
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Cost-effective, clean, highly transparent, and flexible as well as a coatable packaging material is envisioned to solve or at least mitigate quality preservation issues of organic materials, originating from moisture interaction under ambient conditions. Liquid phase processing of packaging coatings using nano-clay and polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) has been developed and reported. Detailed analysis of the developed coating revealed moisture permeability of 2.8 × 10−2 g·cm/m2·day at 40 °C and 85% relative humidity (RH), which is in close accordance with Bharadwaj’s theoretical permeability model. Moreover, the developed coatings are not only more than 90% transparent, when exposed to white light, but also exhibit excellent flexibility and even after going through 10,000 bending cycles maintained the same blocking effect against moisture.

ACS Style

Ali Chandio; Iftikhar Channa; Muhammad Rizwan; Shakeel Akram; Muhammad Javed; Sajid Siyal; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Makhdoom; Tayyaba Ashfaq; Safia Khan; Shahid Hussain; Munirah Albaqami; Reham Alotabi. Polyvinyl Alcohol and Nano-Clay Based Solution Processed Packaging Coatings. Coatings 2021, 11, 942 .

AMA Style

Ali Chandio, Iftikhar Channa, Muhammad Rizwan, Shakeel Akram, Muhammad Javed, Sajid Siyal, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Makhdoom, Tayyaba Ashfaq, Safia Khan, Shahid Hussain, Munirah Albaqami, Reham Alotabi. Polyvinyl Alcohol and Nano-Clay Based Solution Processed Packaging Coatings. Coatings. 2021; 11 (8):942.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Chandio; Iftikhar Channa; Muhammad Rizwan; Shakeel Akram; Muhammad Javed; Sajid Siyal; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Makhdoom; Tayyaba Ashfaq; Safia Khan; Shahid Hussain; Munirah Albaqami; Reham Alotabi. 2021. "Polyvinyl Alcohol and Nano-Clay Based Solution Processed Packaging Coatings." Coatings 11, no. 8: 942.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 01 June 2021 in Flexible and Printed Electronics
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The concept of transparent barriers against oxygen and water based on polymer films filled with glass flakes is presented. Barriers are prepared by casting PVB films containing glass flakes of different aspect ratios at different loadings to systematically study the effect of these parameters on barrier quality and optical transmission. It is found that the glass flakes are distributed homogeneously in the PVB film, with an almost perfect orientation of the long axes of the platelets parallel to the film surface. For glass flakes having an aspect ratio of 2000, barrier films with optical transmittance exceeding 85% and water vapor transmission rates of 0.14 g.m-2.day-1 are obtained at a glass loading of 25 vol%. The haze of the glass flake filled PVB films, which is mainly due to surface roughness of the films according to optical simulations, is reduced by coating a smoothing layer on top. The barrier properties persist even after 20,000 cycles of bending at a radius of 3 cm. The lifetime of organic solar cells (OSCs) increases to beyond 1000 h under damp heat conditions as well as under constant illumination, when the devices are encapsulated with the PVB/glass flake composite films.

ACS Style

Iftikhar Ahmed Channa; Andreas Distler; Benedikt Scharfe; Sarmad Feroze; Karen Forberich; Benjamin Lipovšek; Christoph J Brabec; Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf. Solution processed oxygen and moisture barrier based on glass flakes for encapsulation of organic (opto-) electronic devices. Flexible and Printed Electronics 2021, 6, 025006 .

AMA Style

Iftikhar Ahmed Channa, Andreas Distler, Benedikt Scharfe, Sarmad Feroze, Karen Forberich, Benjamin Lipovšek, Christoph J Brabec, Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf. Solution processed oxygen and moisture barrier based on glass flakes for encapsulation of organic (opto-) electronic devices. Flexible and Printed Electronics. 2021; 6 (2):025006.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iftikhar Ahmed Channa; Andreas Distler; Benedikt Scharfe; Sarmad Feroze; Karen Forberich; Benjamin Lipovšek; Christoph J Brabec; Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf. 2021. "Solution processed oxygen and moisture barrier based on glass flakes for encapsulation of organic (opto-) electronic devices." Flexible and Printed Electronics 6, no. 2: 025006.

Journal article
Published: 12 May 2021 in Materials
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Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) die due to their interactions with environmental gases, i.e., moisture and oxygen, the latter being the most dangerous, especially under illumination, due to the fact that most of the active layers used in OPVs are extremely sensitive to oxygen. In this work we demonstrate solution-based effective barrier coatings based on composite of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) and mica flakes for the protection of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based organic solar cells (OSCs) against photobleaching under illumination conditions. In the first step we developed a protective layer with cost effective and environmentally friendly methods and optimized its properties in terms of transparency, barrier improvement factor, and bendability. The developed protective layer maintained a high transparency in the visible region and improved oxygen and moisture barrier quality by the factor of ~7. The resultant protective layers showed ultra-flexibility, as no significant degradation in protective characteristics were observed after 10 K bending cycles. In the second step, a PVB/mica composite layer was applied on top of the P3HT film and subjected to photo-degradation. The P3HT films coated with PVB/mica composite showed improved stability under constant light irradiation and exhibited a loss of <20% of the initial optical density over the period of 150 h. Finally, optimized barrier layers were used as encapsulation for organic solar cell (OSC) devices. The lifetime results confirmed that the stability of the OSCs was extended from few hours to over 240 h in a sun test (65 °C, ambient RH%) which corresponds to an enhanced lifetime by a factor of 9 compared to devices encapsulated with pristine PVB.

ACS Style

Iftikhar Channa; Ali Chandio; Muhammad Rizwan; Aqeel Shah; Jahanzeb Bhatti; Abdul Shah; Fayaz Hussain; Muhammad Shar; Abdulaziz AlHazaa. Solution Processed PVB/Mica Flake Coatings for the Encapsulation of Organic Solar Cells. Materials 2021, 14, 2496 .

AMA Style

Iftikhar Channa, Ali Chandio, Muhammad Rizwan, Aqeel Shah, Jahanzeb Bhatti, Abdul Shah, Fayaz Hussain, Muhammad Shar, Abdulaziz AlHazaa. Solution Processed PVB/Mica Flake Coatings for the Encapsulation of Organic Solar Cells. Materials. 2021; 14 (10):2496.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iftikhar Channa; Ali Chandio; Muhammad Rizwan; Aqeel Shah; Jahanzeb Bhatti; Abdul Shah; Fayaz Hussain; Muhammad Shar; Abdulaziz AlHazaa. 2021. "Solution Processed PVB/Mica Flake Coatings for the Encapsulation of Organic Solar Cells." Materials 14, no. 10: 2496.

Full paper
Published: 27 May 2019 in Advanced Energy Materials
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Organic electronic devices (OEDs), e.g., organic solar cells, degrade quickly in the presence of ambient gases, such as water vapor and oxygen. Thus, in order to extend the lifetime of flexible OEDs, they have to be protected by encapsulation. A solution‐based encapsulation method is developed, which allows the direct deposition of the diffusion barrier on top of OEDs, thus avoiding lamination of barrier films. The method is based on the deposition of a perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) ink and its subsequent conversion into a silica layer by deep UV irradiation. The resulting barrier films show water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs) of <10−2 g m−2 d−1 (40 °C/85% relative humidity (RH)) and oxygen transmission rates (OTRs) of <10−2 cm3 m−2 d−1 bar−1 at ambient conditions. Flexibility of the resulting barrier films is improved by coating a barrier stack of several thin PHPS layers alternating with organic polymer interlayers. These stacks show an increase of WVTR values by less than 10% after 3000 bending cycles. Direct coating of the PHPS films on top of organic solar cells enhances the device lifetime in damp heat conditions from a few hours to beyond 300 h.

ACS Style

Iftikhar Ahmed Channa; Andreas Distler; Michael Zaiser; Christoph J. Brabec; Hans‐Joachim Egelhaaf. Thin Film Encapsulation of Organic Solar Cells by Direct Deposition of Polysilazanes from Solution. Advanced Energy Materials 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Iftikhar Ahmed Channa, Andreas Distler, Michael Zaiser, Christoph J. Brabec, Hans‐Joachim Egelhaaf. Thin Film Encapsulation of Organic Solar Cells by Direct Deposition of Polysilazanes from Solution. Advanced Energy Materials. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iftikhar Ahmed Channa; Andreas Distler; Michael Zaiser; Christoph J. Brabec; Hans‐Joachim Egelhaaf. 2019. "Thin Film Encapsulation of Organic Solar Cells by Direct Deposition of Polysilazanes from Solution." Advanced Energy Materials , no. : 1.