The use of Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained popularity during the last few decades and its use in medicine is increasing globally. Developing countries like Pakistan are lagging in the implementation of AI-based solutions in healthcare. There is a need to incorporate AI in the health system which may help not only in expediting diagnosis and management but also injudicious resource allocation. To determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of AI among doctors and medical students in Pakistan. We conducted a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire-based survey regarding demographic details, knowledge, perception, and practice of AI. A sample of 470 individuals including doctors and medical students were selected using the convenient sampling technique. The chi-square test was applied for the comparison of variables. Out of 470 individuals, 223(47.45%) were doctors and 247(52.55%) were medical students. Among these, 165(74%) doctors and 170(68.8%) medical students had a basic knowledge of AI but only 61(27.3%) doctors and 48(19.4%) students were aware of its medical applications. Regarding attitude, 237(76.7%) individuals supported AI's inclusion in curriculum, 368(78.3%) and 305(64.9%), 281(59.8%) and 269(57.2%) acknowledged its necessity in radiology, pathology, and COVID-19 pandemic respectively. The majority of doctors and medical students lack knowledge about AI and its applications, but had a positive view of AI in the field of medicine and were willing to adopt it.

Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most prevalent malignant CNS tumors globally, affecting about 3.19 per 100,000 people. The standard of care of GBM management includes surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy owing to the high recurrent rates. Despite the advances in neurosurgical practice and brain cancer research, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) did not benefit greatly from these advances compared to high-income countries (HICs). First, the case ascertainment is low in LMICs, which contributes to a lower than actual disease burden and delayed presentation of the tumors with a worse prognosis. Second, GBM treatment is expensive; unregulated radiation and chemotherapy costs can expose the patients to financial hardships and lead to treatment discontinuation. Third, the lack of trained neurosurgical workforce in poor resource settings in LMICs further complicates the situation. Fourth, radiation therapy and chemotherapies are expensive and unavailable in many poor-resource settings in LMICs. Fifth, LMICs suffer from a weak infrastructure especially with low numbers of prepared ORs, laboratories, and advanced imaging techniques. In the present article, we highlight the major challenges of GBM management and further propose solutions for governments and health policy makers to improve GBM care in LMICs.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are integral components of cellular machinery, playing crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression and maintaining genetic stability. Their interactions with RNA molecules govern critical processes such as mRNA splicing, stability, localization, and translation, which are essential for proper cellular function. These proteins interact with RNA molecules and other proteins to form ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs), hence controlling the fate of target RNAs. The interaction occurs via RNA recognition motif, the zinc finger domain, the KH domain and the double stranded RNA binding motif (all known as RNA-binding domains (RBDs). These domains are found within the coding sequences (intron and exon domains), 5’ untranslated regions (5’UTR) and 3’ untranslated regions (3’UTR). Dysregulation of RBPs can lead to genomic instability, contributing to various pathologies, including cancer neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. This study comprehensively explores the multifaceted roles of RBPs in genetic stability, highlighting their involvement in maintaining genomic integrity through modulation of RNA processing and their implications in cellular signalling pathways. Furthermore, it discusses how aberrant RBP function can precipitate genetic instability and disease progression, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of targeting RBPs in restoring cellular homeostasis. Through an analysis of current literature, this study aims to delineate the critical role of RBPs in ensuring genetic stability and their promise as targets for innovative therapeutic strategies.

Even though acute appendicitis is a common acute abdominal disease, it is nonetheless difficult to detect. In order to minimize the risk of complications and negative exploratory procedures, early and accurate diagnosis is critical. We aimed to compare the predictive accuracy of the RIPASA score in diagnosing acute appendicitis with the gold standard of histopathological proven appendicitis as the gold standard. A Prospective Cohort Study was conducted from December 2021 to May 2022 at KRL Hospital. A total of 171 patients who sought treatment for acute RIF pain or suspected appendicitis were included in the study. Patients' surgical proclivities were judged in part based on images and surgeon's expertise. SPSS version 26 was used to enter and analyze the data. This was done using a chi-square test and a Kendall's Tau (Kendall Rank Correlation Coefficient) to evaluate both groups of patients. At diagnosis, the mean age was 37.93 10.36 years. Kendall's Tau and Chi Square were shown to be significant in contrast to Alvarado scoring. RIPASA Scoring exhibited a 98.02% positive predictive value, a 96.75% sensitivity, an 82.35% specificity, and 95.3% diagnostic accuracy. The RIPASA score is superior to the Alvarado score when it comes to detecting acute appendicitis in Asian populations. With a brief medical history, a clinical examination, and two simple procedures, parameters can be simply and swiftly obtained in any demographic circumstance.

The United States FDA has approved daprodustat (DPD) as the first oral treatment option for anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dialysis patients. Clinical trials have demonstrated DPD’s efficacy and safety, showing non-inferiority to darbepoetin and suggesting reduced IV iron usage. DPD also holds potential for treating chronic kidney disease anemia in non-dialysis patients and may have benefits for patients with coexisting renal anemia and heart failure, pending further research and trials.