Landscape is the area primarily affected by proposed human projects. The prediction and evaluation of the potential anthropogenic impacts under Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is therefore one of the major environmental tools for prevention of any deteriorative or destructive actions. To conduct EIA properly requires inclusion of a determination of landscape vulnerability which expresses the possible landscape reaction to impacts of any exogenous factors. When it is designated correctly, the suitable human activities are determined more accurately. Even though many techniques for this have been suggested worldwide, lots of deficiencies have surfaced in their application. This paper presents a method for landscape vulnerability analysis which consists of qualitative evaluation of landscape receptors, their scoring, the vulnerability degree calculation, and overall reliability evaluation. The method proposed can improve the impact objectivity of prediction and evaluation and the suggestion of precise mitigation measures with the purpose of achieving sustainable landscape management.

Tourism is known as a developing human activity with major impacts on the local landscape as it produces significant anthropogenic pressure. In recent years, due to globalization and the growing economic power of the population of developed world, it has become one of the most important industries and has grown globally. Along with its development, its impacts on the environment are also growing in direct proportion. Therefore, new tourism models are being created which focus on the reduction in their adverse impacts. To design a proper model of tourism development that is sustainable and environmentally friendly, a complex knowledge of the local landscape is necessary. This paper presents a method for examining the actual state of the landscape and its thresholds by assessing its vulnerability to external impacts. The method is based on the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of landscape components perceived as primary receptors of the effects of anthropogenic activities. A comprehensive database on the landscape enables a transparent and complex evaluation of its current state and potential use. Moreover, it enables us to set its vulnerability, which represents the threshold value for suggesting the appropriate development activities, taking into account the preservation of its required quality for sustaining the points of interest for future tourists. The proposed method can help to determine the sustainable land use of the area and thus better design a model of tourism that is sustainable.