In this work level of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) from indoor Environment Tobacco Smoke (ETS) of pubic bars in Nigeria was investigated. Indoor air samples were obtained from different public bars using Polyurethane foam (PUF) passive samplers. Analysis of PAHs was carried out using GC-MS operated in selected ion monitoring mode. Result showed the average concentration range of 2.71-9.69 ng/m³ while the ∑ 16 PAHs range from 43.43 to 155.11 ng/m³. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values from inhalation of PAHs in these bars ranged from 2.4×10^-7-5.2×10^-7 while non-carcinogenic risk, Hazard Quotient (HQ) ranged from 2×10^-4-4.5×10^-4. Although these values are lower than WHO permissible limit, nevertheless the study underscores the danger associated with the inhalation of ETS in the public bars in Nigeria.

Crude Oil spill on land during oil exploration has been a major environmental challenge, such soil is rendered unproductive and toxic. Hence this study determined the levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) in the crude oil-polluted soil, health implication from human contact with the soil was also determined. Soil samples were obtained from the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, the soil was polluted with crude oil and then analyzed for PAHs. In order to assess the health risk, Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) from human unconscious ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact with contaminated soil was estimated. The results showed the mean ∑ PAHs of 1439.9 mg/kg and the mean ∑ carcinogenic PAHs in the sample was 704.84 mg/kg. The estimated Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) value for human unconscious ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact with contaminated soil with crude oil were ${5.8\times 10}^{-5},\mathrm{}{1.2\times 10}^{-6}$ and $\mathrm{}{8.5\times 10}^{-9},$ respectively, for adults. While ${1.3\times 10}^{-4},\mathrm{}{9.3\times 10}^{-4}$ and $\mathrm{}{3.7\times 10}^{-9}$ were values estimated for children. The HQ values estimated were 101.1 and 442.1 for adults and children. The PAHs concentrations, the ILCR and HQ values obtained in the study are higher than the permissible which is of great health human concern.