Six new tirucallane-type triterpenoids, named munropenes A–F (1–6), were extracted from the whole plants of Munronia pinnata using a water extraction method. Their chemical structures were determined based on detailed spectroscopic data. The relative configurations of the acyclic structures at C-17 of munropenes A–F (1–6) were established using carbon–proton spin-coupling constants (^2,3J_C,H) and inter-proton spin-coupling constants (³J_H,H). Furthermore, the absolute configurations of munropenes A–F (1–6) were determined through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. The antiproliferative effects of munropenes A–F were evaluated in five tumor cell lines: HCT116, A549, HepG2, MCF7, and MDAMB. Munropenes A, B, D, and F (1, 2, 4, and 6) inhibited proliferation in the HCT116 cell line with IC₅₀ values of 40.90, 19.13, 17.66, and 32.62 µM, respectively.

Global climate change is reshaping the habitat suitability of medicinal plants, potentially compromising their phytochemical integrity and therapeutic efficacy. Siraitia grosvenorii, an edible medicinal plant in China, has expanded its cultivation area into non-native habitats. Therefore, this study analyzed the suitable cultivation region under different periods in China based on the MaxEnt model, and 59 samples were investigated to explore the interrelationships between chemical constituents and climatic variables through multivariate statistical analysis, which will contribute to meeting the sustainable supply of high-quality S. grosvenorii. We discovered that appropriate habitats cover an area of 58.76 × 10⁴ km², mainly in the southern parts of China. Under future climate conditions, suitable habitats decrease and shift to the northeast along the current habitats. The precipitation levels of the driest month, precipitation seasonality, and temperature seasonality were crucial for its distribution. Furthermore, 11 elements were identified to distinguish samples from different suitable areas through orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Correlation analysis revealed a strong association between chemical constituents and various climatic factors. This study offers valuable insights into potential S. grosvenorii cultivation areas in China and provides reference indicators for quality evaluation.