To investigate the efficacy of physical activity as a crucial intervention for Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in clinical settings, we conducted a network meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of various exercise interventions on sociability and communication in individuals with ASD. Our aim was to identify the exercise modalities most conducive to enhancing these essential skills. We searched Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, and searched Chinese databases from inception to April 2024. We included randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of different exercise types on sociability and communication in individuals with ASD. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed using a frequentist approach, and the node-splitting method was applied to assess inconsistency. We included 38 original studies published between 2009 and 2024, with a total of 1,382 participants analyzed for sociability outcomes. Results indicated that sports games [SMD = 1.12, 95%CI (0.51, 1.73)], combination therapy [SMD = 1.11, 95%CI (0.13, 2.09)], group ball sports [SMD = 1.06, 95%CI (0.37, 1.75)], and outdoor exercise [SMD = 1.02, 95%CI (0.50, 1.55)] were more effective than passive controls. A total of 25 original literatures were included in the analysis of communication ability, involving 904 subjects, and the results showed that combination therapy [SMD = 1.57, 95% CI (0.74, 2.40)], sports games [SMD = 1.01, 95% CI (0.45, 1.56)], group ball games [SMD = 0.85, 95% CI (0.45, 1.26)], outdoor exercise [SMD = 0.79, 95% CI (0.48, 1.11)], and mind-body exercise [SMD = 0.79, 95% CI (0.29, 1.30)], all of which were more effective than passive controls. Physical exercise plays a significant role in alleviating symptoms and enhancing sociability and communication in individuals with ASD. Our findings highlight that sports games, combination therapy, team ball sports, and outdoor exercise are particularly effective in improving sociability. In terms of communication skills, combination therapy, sports games, team ball sports, outdoor exercise, and mind-body exercise demonstrated the most substantial benefits. These results provide a robust foundation for future interventions aimed at improving the quality of life for individuals with ASD.

Extensive research has demonstrated the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in children and adults; however, evidence specific to university students remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of HIIT on promoting physical health in university students and to identify potential factors influencing intervention outcomes. A systematic search was conducted across five electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, SportDiscus, and MEDLINE) up to December 2024 using Boolean operators and keywords related to HIIT and university students. Inclusion criteria: (1) Experimental studies; (2) Physical-related outcomes; (3) Intervention duration of at least 3 weeks; (4) Meets the definition of high-intensity activity; (5) Participants are general university students. A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software, comparing intervention and control groups. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen’s d, and heterogeneity was assessed with the I² statistic. Subgroup analyses were performed based on intervention duration and rest interval duration. Results showed that HIIT significantly reduced BMI, body fat percentage, waist-to-hip ratio, and heart rate, while significantly improving VO2max and muscle strength in university students. Interventions lasting longer than eight weeks demonstrated greater improvements in muscle strength compared to those lasting eight weeks or less. However, there are no significant differences in rest interval across any of the groups. Notably, HIIT also has positive effects on agility and speed with varying effect sizes. The unique characteristics of university students make HIIT a time-efficient and effective intervention strategy for this population. Future studies should consider the specific needs of the university environment, incorporating the latest technological advancements and developing tailored intervention strategies that align with students’ preferences.

Background: Numerous experimental studies have shown that exercise can serve as an intervention with beneficial effects on children and adolescents with autism. However, a systematic review on the specific areas affected has not been conducted.Methods: Preliminary research sources were obtained by searching four databases, and two researchers independently screened the literature that met the study criteria. The study was conducted under the guidelines of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.Results: 37 studies were included in the final analysis, of which 9 studies were quantitatively synthesized and 28 studies were qualitatively analyzed. Exercise interventions have positive effects on motor performance, cognitive function, individual and social relationships, behavioral problems, physical health, and brain function in children and adolescents with autism. The results of the meta-analysis indicate that exercise can effectively improve social skills [SMD=-0.53, 95%CI (-0.76, -0.3), P=0.000].Conclusions: Long-term, regular, chronic exercise is beneficial for children and adolescents with autism, particularly in the area of social skills.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero PROSPERO, identifier CRD42024554530.

Objective: This study explores the relationship between physical health beliefs and physical exercise behavior intention of college students and constructs a mediation model through the mediation role of exercise imagery.Methods: Using the stratified cluster sampling method, 1356 college students were measured in group psychology by using the Physical Health Beliefs Scale, Exercise Imagery Inventory, and Physical Exercise Behavior Intention Scale. The statistical software Mplus 8.1, SPSS 22.0 and SPSS PROCESS 3.3 were used for statistical processing. The common method deviation test was carried out by Harman single-factor control method. Finally, the bootstrap sampling test method and process plug-in were used to test the significance of intermediary effect.Results: (1) physical health beliefs have a significant predictive effect on physical exercise behavior intention (β = 0.32,p < 0.001); (2) exercise imagery (β = 0.13,p < 0.001) mediate the relationship between physical health beliefs and physical exercise behavior intention (physical health beliefs → exercise imagery → physical exercise behavior intention (95% Cl: 0.14, 0.32)).Conclusion: physical health beliefs can directly improve the physical exercise behavior intention of college students, which can also affect college students’ physical exercise behavior intention indirectly through exercise imagery. The findings suggest that exercise imagery are important variables that mediate the effect of the college students’ physical health beliefs on their physical exercise behavior intention.

This article studies the actual captured human motion data for human motion synthesis and style transfer, constructs a scene of motion virtual video, and attempts to directly generate human motion style video to establish a sports style transfer model that combines and self-encoding. The original human motion capture data mapped to the motion feature space for style transfer synthesis. The coding network used to map the high-dimensional motion capture data to the low-dimensional feature space, and the motion style transfer constraints established in the feature space, and the human body motion results after the style transfer obtained by decoding. This paper proposes a pixel-level human motion style transfer model based on conditional adversarial networks and uses convolution and convolution to establish two branch coding networks to extract the features of the input style video and content pictures. The decoding network decodes the combined two features and generates a human motion video data frame by frame. The Gram matrix establishes constraints on the encoding and decoding features, controls the movement style of the human body, and finally realizes the visualization of the movement process. The incremental learning method based on the cascade network can improve the high accuracy and achieve the posture measurement frequency of 200Hz. The research results provide a key foundation for improving the immersion sensation of sport visual and tactile interaction simulation.

Objective: To investigate the level of screen time and gross motor movement level and the correlation between them in left-behind children aged 3 to 6 years old in China. Methods: A randomized whole-group sampling method was used to study 817 left-behind children aged 3–6 years in 15 kindergartens in Xiangcheng city, Henan province. The third version of the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-3) was used to test the children’s gross motor movement level, and the screen time questionnaire was used to test the children’s screen time level. The relationship between the two and the indicators was explored using Pearson’s two-sided correlation and multilevel regression. Results: The average daily screen time of left-behind children aged 3–6 years old increased with age, and the reporting rate of >2 h/d ranged from 22.43% to 33.73%; gross motor movement of left-behind children aged 3–6 years old increased with age, with significant differences between age (p<0.05). There was a low to moderate negative correlation (r = -0.133 to -0.354, p<0.05) between screen time and gross motor movement in children aged 3–6 years, and multiple regression analysis showed that screen time was predictive of gross motor movement in children (p<0.05), with an explanation rate of 21.4%. Conclusion: There is a correlation between screen time and gross motor movement development in children aged 3–6 years old left behind, and the gross motor movement ability of children aged 3–6 years old can be developed by reducing screen time and increasing physical activity.