Dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans to measure bone mineral density (BMD) at the spine and hip have an important role in the evaluation of individuals at risk of osteoporosis, and in helping clinicians advise patients about the appropriate use of antifracture treatment. Compared with alternative bone densitometry techniques, hip and spine DXA examinations have a number of advantages that include a consensus that BMD results can be interpreted using the World Health Organization T-score definition of osteoporosis, a proven ability to predict fracture risk, proven effectiveness at targeting antifracture therapies, and the ability to monitor response to treatment. This review discusses the evidence for these and other clinical aspects of DXA scanning, including its role in the new WHO algorithm for treating patients on the basis of their individual fracture risk.

Liver fat measurement at quantitative CT in adults age 20–80 years agrees well with MRI liver proton density fat fraction and could serve as a useful tool for assessing hepatic steatosis. Background Although chemical shift–encoded (CSE) MRI proton density fat fraction (PDFF) is the current noninvasive reference standard for liver fat quantification, the liver is more frequently imag...