This study presents a novel chaotic–neural network of image encryption and decryption image applied to the domain of medical. The main objective behind the proposed technique is to ensure the safety of medical images with a less complex algorithm compared with the existing methods. In order to improve the robustness, the totality of the pixels related to the host image is XORed with a generation key. After that, with a chaotic system (logistic map), the binary sequence is generated in order to set the weights w _ij and bias bi of neuron network with the goal of encrypting the pixels issued from the previous step. Simulation and experiments were carried out on medical images coded on 8 and 12 bits/pixel. The obtained results confirmed the performance and the efficiency of the proposed method, which is compliant with Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine standards.