Metal anodes hold significant promise for next-generation energy storage, yet achieving highly reversible plating/stripping remains challenging due to dendrite formation and side reactions. Here we present a tailored electrolyte design to surpass 99.9% Coulombic efficiency (CE) in zinc metal anodes by co-engineering salts and solvents to address two critical factors: plating morphology and the anode-electrolyte interface. By integrating a dual-salt approach and organic co-solvent design, these issues can be effectively addressed. The resulting hybrid dual-salt electrolyte renders CE of 99.95% at 1 mA cm⁻² at a medium concentration (3.5 m). Building upon the near-unity CE, an anode-free cell with ZnI₂ cathode can stably run more than 1000 cycles under practical conditions with minimal capacity loss. Our findings provide a promising pathway for the design of reversible metal anodes, advancing metal-based battery technologies for broader energy storage applications.

Immunotherapeutic interventions represent a promising approach to treating cancer, with strategies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), immunogenic sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and immune adjuvant T cell delivery having exhibited clinical promise. In this report, we describe the use of cancer cell membrane-coated triphenylphosphonium (TPP) decorated nano-metal–organic framework (nMOF) constructs [Zr-TCPP(TPP)/R837@M] that were used to generate homologous, mitochondria-targeted platforms with a high rate of sonosensitizer loading. This construct was utilized to simultaneously promote tumor antigen presentation via enhancing SDT while synergistically promoting dendritic cell (DC) maturation through the delivery of the Toll-like receptor agonist R837. In vitro, these functionalized nMOFs were readily internalized by homologous tumor cells in which they were efficiently targeted to the mitochondria, promoting DC activation through the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) following ultrasound exposure. Moreover, this nanoplatform was able to achieve in vivo synergy with anti-CTLA-4 ICB to reverse immunosuppression tumor microenvironment (TME), thus achieving more robust antitumor efficacy capable of suppressing metastatic disease progression and facilitating the development of durable antitumor memory responses. Together, these results highlight a promising approach to achieving enhanced SDT activity while overcoming an immunosuppressive TME, thereby achieving more robust antitumor immunity.

The sluggish kinetics of Volmer step in the alkaline hydrogen evolution results in large energy consumption. The challenge that has yet well resolved is to control the water adsorption and dissociation. Here, we develop biaxially strained MoSe₂ three dimensional nanoshells that exhibit enhanced catalytic performance with a low overpotential of 58.2 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² in base, and long-term stable activity in membrane-electrode-assembly based electrolyser at 1 A cm⁻². Compared to the flat and uniaxial-strained MoSe₂, we establish that the stably adsorbed OH engineer on biaxially strained MoSe₂ changes the water adsorption configuration from O-down on Mo to O-horizontal on OH* via stronger hydrogen bonds. The favorable water dissociation on 3-coordinated Mo sites and hydrogen adsorption on 4-coordinated Mo sites constitute a tandem electrolysis, resulting in thermodynamically favorable hydrogen evolution. This work deepens our understanding to the impact of strain dimensions on water dissociation and inspires the design of nanostructured catalysts for accelerating the rate-determining step in multi-electron reactions.

Ultrasound super-resolution imaging through localisation and tracking of microbubbles can achieve sub-wave-diffraction resolution in mapping both micro-vascular structure and flow dynamics in deep tissue in vivo . Currently, it is still challenging to achieve high accuracy in localisation and tracking particularly with limited imaging frame rates and in the presence of high bubble concentrations. This study introduces microbubble image features into a Kalman tracking framework, and makes the framework compatible with sparsity-based deconvolution to address these key challenges. The performance of the method is evaluated on both simulations using individual bubble signals segmented from in vivo data and experiments on a mouse brain and a human lymph node. The simulation results show that the deconvolution not only significantly improves the accuracy of isolating overlapping bubbles, but also preserves some image features of the bubbles. The combination of such features with Kalman motion model can achieve a significant improvement in tracking precision at a low frame rate over that using the distance measure, while the improvement is not significant at the highest frame rate. The in vivo results show that the proposed framework generates SR images that are significantly different from the current methods with visual improvement, and is more robust to high bubble concentrations and low frame rates.