Aiming at the problems of low uniformity and utilization rate in the traditional deep application method of orchard manure, a soil–fertilizer collision mixing and mulching device was designed. The ditching mechanism, the structure of the soil divider, and the fertilizer delivery auger were analyzed and designed. Furthermore, with the rotational speed of the cutter and auger and the deflection angle of the soil divider as factors, as well as the uniformity of soil–fertilizer mixing and mulching as evaluation indexes, the discrete element simulation tests were conducted. The simulation results showed that when the turret speed, the stirrer speed and the soil separator deflection angle were 140 r/min, 146 r/min and 22°, the mixing uniformity and mulching uniformity were the highest, which was 88.35% and 96.86%, respectively. Based on the optimal parameters, the field test was conducted, and the soil–fertilizer mixing uniformity was 87.02%, with a relative error of 1.33% compared with the simulation test results. The relative error of 94.37% of mulch uniformity is 2.49%, which indicates that the simulation optimization results are reliable and the mixing performance of the device is good and can meet the requirements of soil–fertilizer mixing operation. The results of this study can provide an important reference for the design of the soil and fertilizer mixing machine.

Temperature stability was taken as the evaluation index of processing performance, and the three factors that influence normal milk processing and mixing performance were optimized by response surface analysis and BP‐GA neural network algorithm. Analysis results showed the influence order of the factors on temperature stability was as follows: shape > height > rotating speed. In the optimization by response surface methodology (RSM), when rotating speed was 30 r/min, height was 31 mm, and blade shape was a full trapezoid, predicted value and actual value of variable coefficient were 0.0046 and 0.0044 respectively, with relative error of 4.5%. In the optimization by BP‐GA neural network algorithm, when rotating speed was 34 r/min, height was 25 mm, and blade shape was a full trapezoid, the predicted value and actual value of variable coefficient were 0.0036 and 0.0035 respectively, with relative error of 2.9%. The predicted root‐mean‐square error of the model by the BP‐GA neural network algorithm was 0.0013, determination coefficient was 0.9960, and relative percent deviation was 8.4961, which showed better performance than the RSM model. Thus, the BP‐GA neural network algorithm has better fitting performance, and then, the optimal working parameter combination was confirmed, which could provide reference to improving double‐blade normal milk processing and mixing device design and milk processing quality.

To address the problem of large tractive resistance in traditional subsoiling methods, this paper designed a pulse-type gas explosion subsoiler, as well as an air-blown double-ended chisel type subsoiling shovel and a conduit. The mathematical equation of the influence of the structural parameters of the subsoiler on the groove profile is established. The EDEM 2022 software was used to simulate the subsoiling operation process. The soil disturbance law of the chisel subsoiler was analyzed by the change of soil particle velocity. The optimum value interval of quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination test factors was determined by using the steepest climb test, with specific tillage resistance and filling power as evaluation indicators. Based on the Box–Behnken design test, a second-order regression model of response value and significance parameter was obtained, and an optimal combination was found by optimizing the significance parameter. The effects of subsoiling air pressure, pulse width and pulse interval on evaluation indicators were analyzed by the response surface method; the test results show that when the air pressure was 0.8 MPa, the pulse width was 0.17 s and the pulse interval was 0.12 s, and the specific tillage resistance was 0.4421 N/mm² and the filling power was 18.5%; a comparative test between the pulse-type gas explosion subsoiler and a continuous gas explosion subsoiler was carried out, and the specific tillage resistance was reduced by 12.2% and the filling power was reduced by 10.5%; the comparative test shows that the pulse-type gas explosion subsoiler has smaller tractive resistance per unit area and smaller disturbance to soil. The research results provide a theoretical basis and reference for the optimization and improvement of gas explosion subsoilers.

The aim of this study is to simplify the difficult excavation that is caused by the root-sand complex in the process of harvesting Cyperus esculentus in the desert of Xinjiang by performing mechanical tests and analysis of the interaction between the vibrating excavation shovel and the rotary blade on the root-sand complex. The rotary blade number, rotary blade speed and digging depth were used as the test parameters, and the Cyperus esculentus breakage rate, root-grass crushing rate, and soil carrying rate were used as the test indicators. The characteristics of the influence of various factors and their interaction on the crushing and separation of the root-sand complex were explored. A parameter combination optimization model is verified by experimental data. The test results showed that the optimal combination was as follows: the number of rotary blades was 20, the rotational speed of the rotary blade was 373 r/min, and the digging depth was 12 cm. At this time, the Cyperus esculentus breakage rate, root-grass crushing rate, and soil carrying rate were 2.62%, 63.68% and 55.40%, respectively. This study can support the development of a Cyperus esculentus harvester suitable for deserts in Xinjiang.