Diabetes complications remain a leading cause of death, which may be due to poor glycemic control resulting from medication nonadherence. The relationship between adherence status and HbA1c (glycemic control) has not been well-studied for clinical pharmacist interventions. This study evaluated medication adherence, patient satisfaction, and HbA1c, in a collaborative pharmacist-endocrinologist diabetes clinic over 6 months. Of 127 referred, 83 patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean medication adherence scores, considered “good” at baseline, 1.4 ± 1.2, improved by 0.05 points (p = 0.018), and there was a 26% increase in patients with good adherence. A significant improvement of 0.40 percentage points (95% CI: −0.47, −0.34) was observed in mean HbA1c across the three time points (p < 0.001). Mean total satisfaction scores were high and increased, with mean 91.3 ± 12.2 at baseline, 94.7 ± 9.6 at 3 months, and 95.7 ± 10.8 at 6 months (p = 0.009). A multimodal personalized treatment approach from a pharmacist provider significantly and positively impacted glycemic control regardless of self-reported medication adherence, and patient satisfaction remained high despite changing to a clinical pharmacist provider and increased care intensity.

Almost every facet of modern biomedical research involves artificial intelligence (AI). This ACCP commentary forecasts the role of AI in clinical pharmacy research and scholarship. The potential benefits/opportunities together with the limitations/challenges of AI are reviewed for stages of the scientific method including (1) developing the research question(s), study design, and execution; (2) data analysis; and (3) reporting and dissemination of clinical pharmacy research. Benefits and opportunities of AI in clinical pharmacy research include streamlining hypothesis generation and facilitating study design, overcoming limitations of traditional statistical analysis techniques, facilitating manuscript development and dissemination, and expediting peer review. Limitations and challenges of AI include the introduction of biases in subject recruitment; generation of false information, also known as “AI hallucinations”; concern of “black box” analyses that are difficult to validate; potential legal liabilities; lack of accountability; and the need for investigators to ensure the accuracy and integrity of AI‐generated content. In summary, rapid progress of AI capabilities has great potential to revolutionize and accelerate clinical pharmacy research and scholarship; however, it is also imperative to recognize and mitigate the challenges and limitations introduced by AI.

Telehealth allows patients to receive healthcare with the aid of technology by overcoming physical barriers. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created challenges with regards to in person patient care. The use of video visits and telehealth increased in a rapid manner due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this paper is to describe telehealth services utilized by pharmacists at a large, academic medical center. Pharmacists teaching and clinical services conducted via telehealth and remote methods in the inpatient and outpatient settings are discussed. The tools and platforms utilized for patient care, staff communications, and education are described. Telehealth is likely to remain in many clinical practices even after restrictions due to COVID-19 are removed; however, as we transition, a more sustainable model that includes faculty and staff development is needed. Additionally, clinical outcomes and patient and provider satisfaction for the varying visit types should continue to be examined. Although the switch to telehealth was rapid and unprecedented, it allowed a large academic medical center to continue providing patient care and learning experiences for most clinical pharmacy services.