Background/objectives: Psoriasis is the most frequent skin disease in HIV-infected patients. Nonalcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is more prevalent in patients with psoriasis. We report the prevalence of psoriasis and NAFLD and investigate risk factors of liver damage in HIV-infected patients with psoriasis. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study. Steatosis was defined as indicative abdominal ultrasound findings, CAP (controlled attenuated parameter by transient elastography) > 238 dB/m, and/or triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) > 8.38. Significant (fibrosis ≥ 2) and advanced liver fibrosis (fibrosis ≤ F3) were studied by transient elastography (TE) and/or FIB-4 using standard cutoff points. FIB-4 (Fibrosis 4 score) results were adjusted for hepatitis C (HCV)-coinfected patients. Results: We identified 80 patients with psoriasis (prevalence, 1.5%; 95% CI, 1.1–1.8). Psoriasis was severe (PASI > 10 and/or psoriatic arthritis) in 27.5% of cases. The prevalence of steatosis was 72.5% (95% CI, 65–85). Severe psoriasis was an independent risk factor for steatosis (OR, 12; 95% CI, 1.2–120; p = 0.03). Significant liver fibrosis (p < 0.05) was associated with HCV coinfection (OR 3.4; 95% CI, 1.1–10.6), total CD4 (OR 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99–1), and time of efavirenz exposure (OR 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0–1.3). Conclusions: The prevalence of psoriasis in HIV-infected patients was similar to that of the general population. Steatosis is highly prevalent, and severe psoriasis is an independent risk factor for steatosis in HIV-infected patients.

Reports on COVID‐19 in children are limited. Despite new data emerging, and understanding of the disease improves rapidly, there are as yet several features and complications related to the disease that remain unknown. Herein, we report the first case of a child with chilblains and retinal vasculitis related to COVID‐19.

Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a genodermatosis characterized by severe cutaneous and mucosal fragility, and frequently complicated by multifactorial chronic anemia that responds poorly to conventional therapies. This cross-sectional study investigates the factors contributing to anemia in RDEB by analyzing a representative cohort, that was stratified by disease severity, anemia, and iron status, to examine their hematological parameters, cytokine profile, and the erythropoietin-erythroferrone-hepcidin (EPO-ERFE-hepcidin) axis. Anemia was present in 50% of the cohort. Hemoglobin levels showed a strong negative correlation with the percentage of body surface area affected and C-reactive protein levels (CRP), identifying these as anemia risk factors in RDEB. Moderate-severe inflammation (CRP ≥ 15 mg/L) was observed in all patients with anemia, but no specific cytokine profile was linked with anemia risk because of variability in interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon-γ levels. The regulation of the EPO-ERFE-hepcidin axis showed discrepancies with the patterns expected based on patients’ anemia severity and iron status. According to the reticulocyte production index, an inadequate bone marrow response was observed in 90% of patients with anemia, irrespective of EPO levels. Patients with functional or true iron deficiency had higher ERFE levels, although ERFE showed no consistent correlation with EPO and was elevated in both patients with anemia and those without anemia. Elevated hepcidin was primarily linked to the highest ferritin levels, mostly in patients with a history of iron infusions and/or transfusions. These findings highlight the need for personalized, targeted approaches that address the complex interplay between inflammation and iron dysregulation, to improve anemia management in RDEB and other chronic inflammatory conditions.