We present X-ray timing results of the new black hole candidate MAXI J1535−571 during its 2017 outburst from Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT) observations taken from 2017 September 6 to 23. Following the definitions given by Belloni, we find that the source exhibits transitions from the low/hard state to the hard intermediate state, and eventually to the soft intermediate state. Quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are found in the intermediate states, which suggest different types of QPOs. With the large effective area of Insight-HXMT at high energies, we are able to present the energy dependence of the QPO amplitude and centroid frequency up to 100 keV, which has rarely been explored by previous satellites. We also find that the phase lag at the type-C QPOs centroid frequency is negative (soft lag) and strongly correlated with the centroid frequency. Assuming a geometrical origin of type-C QPOs, the source is consistent with being a high-inclination system.

We present spectral and timing properties of the newly discovered X-ray transient source, MAXI J1535-571, which is believed to be a Galactic X-ray binary containing a black hole candidate (BHC) as the primary object. Since its discovery on 2017 September 2, it has been monitored regularly in multi-wavelength bands by several satellites. We use archival data of the Swift (XRT and BAT) and MAXI (GSC) satellite instruments to study accretion flow dynamics of the source during the outburst. During its outburst, the source became very bright in the sky with a maximum observed flux of 5 Crab in the 2–10 keV GSC band. Similar to other transient BHCs, it also shows signatures of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) during the outburst. Spectral data of different instruments are fitted with the transonic flow, solution-based two-component advective flow model fits file to find the direct accretion flow parameters. The evolution of spectral states and their transitions are understood from the model-fitted physical flow parameters and nature of QPOs. We also estimate the probable mass of the black hole from our spectral analysis as 7.9–9.9 M _⊙ or 8.9 ± 1.0 M _⊙.

A two-dimensional electrodynamical model is used to study particle acceleration in the outer magnetosphere of a pulsar. The charge depletion from the

[[abstract]]We discuss nonthermal emission mechanisms of the Crab-like pulsars with both a two-dimensional electrodynamic study and a three-dimensionalmodel. We investigate the emission process in the outer gap accelerator. In the two-dimensional electrodynamic study, we solve the Poisson equation of the accelerating electric field in the outer gap and the equation of motion of the primary particles with the synchrotron and the curvature radiation processes and the pair-creation process. We show a solved gap structure that produces a gamma-ray spectrum consistent with EGRET observations. Based on the two-dimensional model, we construct a three-dimensional emission model to calculate the synchrotron and the inverse Compton processes of the secondary pairs produced outside the outer gap. We calculate the pulse profiles, the phase-resolved spectra, and the polarization characteristics in optical through gamma-ray bands for comparison with the observation of the Crab pulsar and PSR B0540-69. For the Crab pulsar, we find that the outer gap geometry extending from near the stellar surface to near the light cylinder produces a complex morphology change of the pulse profiles as a function of the photon energy. This predicted morphology change is quite similar to that of the observations. The calculated phase-resolved spectra are consistent with the data from the optical to the gamma-ray bands. We demonstrate that the 10%-20% of the polarization degree in the optical emissions from the Crab pulsar and the Vela pulsar is explained by the synchrotron emissions from the particle gyration motion. For PSR B0540-69, the observed pulse profile with a single broad pulse is reproduced for an emission region thicker and an inclination angle between the rotational axis and the magnetic axis smaller than the Crab pulsar.[[fileno]]2010507010006[[department]]天文