Latar belakang: Penghasil limbah cair terbesar di Indonesia umumnyaberasal dari rumah tangga. Saat ini, dirasa perlu untuk mengembangkan metode penanganan limbah cair domestic Metode: jenis ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental sederhana dengan rancangan post test only group control design. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektifitas metode elektrokoagulasi dan destilasi dalam menurunkan beban pencemar fisik pada limbah cair domestic. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh limbah cair yang ada di parit perumahan dagymoi tubo. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 10 liter limbah cair yang ada di parit perumahan dagymoi tubo . teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil: TDS pada perlakuan destilasi menurun sebesar 81,73% (295 mg/l) sedangkan TDS pada elektrokoagulasi menurun sebesar 53,60 % (749 mg/ l) dan TSS pada destilasi menurun sebesar 97,7% (46 mg/l) dibandingkan TSS pada elektrokoagulasi menurun sebesar 74,69 %(505 mg/l). Simpulan: Perlakuan dengan menggunakan destilasi lebih efektif dalam menurunkan kadar TDS dan TSS pada limbah cair domestic.
ABSTRACT Title: Comparison of the Effectiveness of Electrocoagulation and Distillation Methods in Reducing Physical Pollutant in Domestic Wastewater Background: in general, the biggest producers of domestic wastewater in indonesia comes from household. Nowaday, the handling of domestic wastewater is needed to be improved.  Methods: this type of research is a simple experimental study with a post test only group control design. This research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the electrocoagulation and distillation methods in reducing physical pollutants in domestic wastewater. The population in this study is all of the wastewater in the dagymoitubo residence trench. The sample in this study was 10 liters of wastewater in the dagymoitubo residence trench. Sample taking technique using purposive sampling technique. Results: TDS in distillation treatment decreased by 81.73% (295 mg / l) while TDS in electrocoagulation decreased by 53.60% (749 mg / l) and TSS in distillation decreased by 97.7% (46 mg / l) compared to TSS in electrocoagulation decreased by 74.69% (505 mg / l). Conclusion: Treatment using distillation is more effective in reducing levels of TDS and TSS in domestic  wastewater.

Timbal mempengaruhi sistem hematologis, saraf, urinaria, reproduksi, endokrin, dan jantung. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis pengaruh timbal udara terhadap timbal darah dan pengaruh timbal darah terhadap hemoglobin, cystatin C serum dan keluhan kesehatan. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2015. Jenis penelitian observasional (cross sectional study). Populasi penelitian yaitu kelompok penelitian dan pembanding dengan sampel 12 masing-masing kelompok. Analisis data menggunakan uji regresi linier ganda dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh timbal udara dengan timbal darah (β=0,667;p=0,000), ada pengaruh timbal darah dengan Hemoglobin (β=-0,609:p=0,008), ada pengaruh timbal darah dengan Cystatin C (β=0,348:p=0,035) dan tidak ada pengaruh timbal darah dengan gangguan pencernaan (β=0,004:p=0.990), ada pengaruh timbal darah dengan gangguan ginjal (β=0,572:p=0,038), ada pengaruh timbal darah dengan gangguan hematologis (β=0,816:p=0,020), tidak ada pengaruh timbal darah dengan gangguan SSP(β=-0,022:p=0,944). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa timbal darah dipengaruhi oleh timbal di udara, hemoglobin dan cystatin C dipengaruhi oleh timbal darah serta gangguan hematologis dan gangguan ginjal dipengaruhi oleh timbal darah. Lead affects the haematological system, nervous, urinary, reproductive, endocrine, and cardiovascular. Research purposes to analyze the effect air lead to blood lead and blood lead effect on hemoglobin, serum cystatin C and health complaints. The study was conducted in 2015. Type of study, observational (cross-sectional). Research population, Research and comparison with 12 samples each group. Data analysis using multiple linear and logistic regression. Results showed there effect air lead to blood lead (β=0.667:p=0.000). There effect blood lead with Hemoglobin (β=-0.609:p=0.008). there effect blood lead with Cystatin C (β=0.348:p=0.035). There is no effect blood lead with digestive disorders (β=0.004:p=0990). there effect blood lead with renal impairment (β=0.572:p=0.038). there effect blood lead with haematological disorders (β=0.816:p=0.020). There is no effect blood lead with CNS disorders (β=-0.022:p=0.944). The results showed, blood lead is affected by lead air, Hemoglobin and Cystatin C is affected by blood lead and hematological disorders and kidney disorders are affected by blood lead.

Background: The lack of understanding of how pollutant removal occurs in biofilter reactors and bacterial community dynamics makes this worthy of study. This review explores biofiltration processes, commonly used biofilter types, bacterial community dynamics, and pollutant removal mechanisms in biofilters. Methods: This review used data from previous studies published on Scopus, EBSCO, and ProQuest, categorized into parameters such as the biofiltration process, types of biofilters, bacterial community dynamics, and pollutant removal mechanisms. The data were narrated, analyzed in a table, and presented in a review. Results: In the biofilter reactor, microorganisms cover the medium, allowing pollutants to flow through gaps and contact the biofilm layer. As the biofilm thickens, adhesion weakens, leading to new colonies. Submerged-bed biofilters, trickling filters, and packed column aeration and gasification systems effectively remove nutrients from aquatic environments. Biofilter bacterial communities are categorized by filter layer depth, with fast-growing, less specialized communities in the upper layer and more specialized communities in the bottom layer. Pollutant biodegradation depends on various factors such as nutrient availability, oxygen concentration, pH, bioavailability of contaminants, and physical and chemical characteristics of the biomass. Conclusion: A biofilter reactor uses microorganisms to cover a medium, allowing pollutants to flow through gaps and contact a biofilm layer that degrades organic compounds. Submerged-bed biofilters, trickling filters, and packed column aeration systems can effectively remove pollutants. Biofilter bacterial communities are categorized by filter layer depth, with fast-growing, less specialized communities in the upper layer, and more specialized communities in the bottom layer.

Heavy metals are very harmful to the environment if present in excessive concentrations and will have an effect on humans if they interact directly. Knowing the findings of heavy metal bioaccumulation in aquatic plants when reducing pollutants in liquid waste is the main goal of this study. Various types of data were developed and analyzed to answer the specific goals set through the EBSCO, ProQuest, and Science Direct Search Engine, by looking at several parameters. Bioaccumulation data for aquatic plants in liquid waste were obtained from five articles that met the criteria. The findings showed that there are six types of plants that can be used as heavy metal bioaccumulators in wastewater, including Limnobium laevigatum, Salvinia auriculata, Lemna minor, Colocasia esculenta, T. latifolia, and T. palustris. Data was also obtained that most research was carried out using liquid waste originating from within the city with a research time ranging from 1-45 days. The heavy metals that were most commonly accumulated in these plants were Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Cd. It can be concluded that bioaccumulation using aquatic plants is very reliable for various types of heavy metals that can be removed.

The increasing lack of clean water has created a paradigm for treating wastewater directly from the source. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of processing domestic waste using plastic bottle caps in the anaerobe and aerobe reactor system by measuring several key parameters in wastewater. Experimental study on on-site wastewater treatment system using two bioreactors, a biodegradation made from fruit and vegetable peel waste, and local microorganisms. Domestic wastewater was used in this study. The wastewater treatment system's performance was monitored using parameters like pH, temperature, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), collected daily at 9 am during peak wastewater generation. The wastewater treatment system using aerobe and anaerobic reactors with plastic bottle cap media and microorganism biodegradation effectively reduced the TSS, COD, and BOD. The anaerobe reactors were more effective at removing these pollutants, with a maximum TSS reduction of 81.1%, COD removal efficiency of 90.1%, and BOD removal efficiency of 80.2%. The longer acclimatization time of the anaerobe reactor may make it more efficient after acclimatization compared to the aerobe reactor. Although the anaerobe reactor may require a longer acclimatization time, it ultimately results in a higher efficiency in terms of TSS, COD, and BOD reduction compared to the aerobe reactor.

Tofu industry wastewater have become important issues that arise in line with the increasing in human population and the development progress. Tofu industry is one of the fast growing industries in Indonesia, this causes an increase in the amount of waste of tofu industry in Indonesia, especially in Ternate (Asadiya & Karnaningroem, 2018). The purpose of this study was to determine Comparison of pollutant levels in tofu industrial wastewater and Domestic Wastewater in Ternate City. The sample of this research was 1 litre of tofu industrial wastewater and 1 litre domestic wastewater. This type of research is analytic descriptive. This research was conducted at Chemistry laboratory at health polytechnic of ternate and university of unkhair. The test results of tofu wastewater showed that the TSS parameters were 416 mg / L, TDS 1,389 mg / L, DO 4 ppm, pH 7 and BOD 62.8 mg / L. Meanwhile, Tests result of domestic wastewater shows that TDS 839 mg / L, TSS 379 mg / L DO 5.4 ppm, pH 10 and BOD 49.6 mg / L. in conclusion, tofu wastewater has worse quality compared to domestic wastewater. It is recommended that the tofu industry can take the initiative in treating the wastewater produced before disposing it into the environment