The effect of alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) treatment on reducing lignin content in coffee pulp waste (CPW) was investigated to increase the digestibility and accessibility of cellulose during production of valuable products by enzymatic and biological process. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) at various concentrations (2.5, 5, and 7.5% (w/w of substrate)) was mixed into 10% (w/v) of CPW-NaOH solution at 35 °C for 24 h with pH 11.5. The concentration of lignocellulosic content was investigated. The characteristic of crystallinity index, functional groups, and surface morphology of CPW at before and after the treatment have been observed using XRD, FTIR, and SEM analysis, respectively. The results showed that the highest lignin removal was achieved at the addition of 7.5% H₂O₂which decreased from 16.85% to 8.5%. The concentration of cellulose and hemicellulose in CPW increased from 53% to 64% and 11% to 24%, respectively. The crystallinity index of AHP-treated CPW has increased from 30.83% to 42.08%. A surface morphological destruction on the CPW was getting worse as along with the increase of H₂O₂concentration. This would be useful to increase the porosity of biomass to give cellulose accessibility by enzyme for further processes.

Renewable energy sources are prospective solutions for addressing future energy needs arising from the ever-increasing population and dwindling petroleum reserves. Biobutanol is one of the most efficient biofuels for use as a mixture with motor vehicle fuels. Biobutanol is produced from the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation process and is separated into the pure components via multicomponent distillation. Mathematical modelling of the continuous multicomponent distillation of ABE was carried herein out using an equilibrium-based model with the modified Hang-Wanke method in MATLAB R2020a programming language and compared with the simulation results using Aspen Plus V9. The variables of this study were the feed stage, number of trays, reflux ratio to butanol purity, butanol recovery, and energy load of the reboiler and condenser. Based on the simulation results, the operating conditions in columns 1 and 2 were recommended based on the butanol purity, recovery, and reboiler load; the recommended operating conditions for column 1 are as follows—feed stage: 4, reflux ratio: 4, number of trays: 20 trays, with a column efficiency of 55.43%. The recommended operating conditions for column 2 are as follows—feed stage: 2, reflux ratio: 0.4, number of trays: up to 10, with a column efficiency of 54.94%.

Edible film from cassava starch was successfully synthesized. It was equipped with antimicrobials created from glycerol and lime extract. In this study, edible film will be utilized as food packaging. It was easily produced through simple methods. Cassava starch was mixed with glycerol and lime extract in various concentrations. The effect of dosage concentration of lime extract was studied. The thickness of film, moisture content, swelling degree, solubility, water vapor transmission and biodegradability were also studied. Edible film obtained at 0.25 mm of thickness, the swelling degree did not reach 2%. The biodegradability for seven days was only at 60%. This edible film can be viable option as food packaging

One of the biomass lignocellulose derived from Empty Bunches of Palm Oil (EFB) has great potential as a source of biofuel because of its cellulose content reaches 40% of the total weight, the amount of abundant in Indonesia reached 31 million tons in 2019, and its utilization is still very limited. This study aims to find out the optimum condition for reducing sugar production after enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase enzymes from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma ressei (1:2). EFB that have been sieved measuring 100 mesh is delignified using a mixture of NaOH 2% and H2O2 5% at 70^oC for 6 hours. Then, the process was continued by enzymatic hydrolysis at pH 5,5 condition and stirring speed of 125rpm. Variables used are temperatures (^oC) 30, 40, and 60; substrates (gr) 1, 2, 3; and hydrolysis time (hours) 24, 36, and 48. The optimal operating condition (substrate ratio, temperature, and hydrolysis time) was studied using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The resulting R² value is quite high at 95.59% and 91.62% for R²(adj). The highest concentration of reduced sugar (14.29 g/L) was achieved from the model developed at 37°C, a 3gr mass of EFB per 10 cm³water, and 24 hours hydrolysis.

Calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) scale formation during the phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) production process presents significant operational challenges. Key variables influencing scale formation include temperature, pressure, stirring speed, and supersaturation. This study aims to evaluate the effect of varying concentrations of ATMP inhibitors on the mass of CaSO₄ scale in a 40% phosphoric acid solution and to analyze the composition of the resulting scale. The experimental procedure involved the addition of ATMP inhibitors at different concentrations, while temperature and stirring speed were varied. The solution was circulated through a sample housing for two hours, after which the mass of the formed scale was measured, and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis was performed. The optimal concentration of ATMP inhibitors was found to be 9 ppm at a temperature of 40°C and a stirring speed of 235 rpm. Results indicated that the composition of the CaSO₄ scale produced with ATMP inhibitors was significantly lower than that of samples without inhibitors, with XRF analysis revealing an 8% reduction in CaSO₄ levels