Nouveaux, de nombreux modèles photovoltaïques (PV) ont été trouvés sur le marché. Le choix du modèle PV est une étape cruciale dans le fonctionnement et la conception d'un tel système. Par conséquent, cet article présente une étude comparative de différents modèles de cellule PV. La modélisation et la simulation de chaque modèle tels que 2M7P, 2M6PRs, 2M6PRsh, L5P, L4PRs, L4PRsh et L3P, sous différents niveaux d'irradiance solaire et de températures ont été ajustées. La comparaison de ces modèles avec le comportement réel du module polycristallin SPP030501200 nous permet de distinguer le modèle 2M7P du modèle L5P.

In the context of the energy transition and Senegal’s objective to increase the share of renewable energy to 20%, this study investigates the reliability of an off-grid photovoltaic (PV) power plant located in the village of Badiari, Sédhiou region, in the south of the country. Over a three-month period (June to August), corresponding to the rainy season, the 5 kWp production system was continuously monitored using an intelligent SMA inverter, enabling minute-by-minute data collection. The analysis reveals a clear mismatch between the system’s generation capacity and the users’ energy demand. The lead-acid batteries (1,000 Ah) undergo recurrent deep discharges, occasionally reaching critical levels (21 % state of charge), significantly shortening their operational lifespan. Simultaneously, the backup generator, intended to mitigate these deep discharges, is seldom activated. Frequent overvoltage events, shutdowns due to extreme temperatures (up to 80 °C at the heat sink), and islanding phenomena highlight both system imbalance and structural vulnerability. Reliability metrics were quantified, with a Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) of 10,907 minutes and a Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) of 43 minutes in June, compared to 8,671 minutes and 329 minutes, respectively, in August. These values underscore the irregularity of energy supply. The findings emphasize the need to reconsider the sizing and maintenance strategies of rural solar installations. Recommended measures include increasing battery bank capacity (up to 2,500 Ah), introducing power limiters for consumers, and improving the thermal management of the technical room (ventilation, insulation). Implementing these strategies is expected to enhance local energy autonomy and improve the long-term sustainability of solar infrastructures.