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Cultivation of forage mixtures offers several advantages over monocultures, but forage legumes like alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are mostly bred in pure stands. Our goal was to assess the extent of accession-by-cultivation system interaction when alfalfa plants are grown in pure stands or in an easily adaptable nursery system together with their companion grasses, thereby determining the system most suitable for selection in mixture. Spaced plants of 50 alfalfa accessions were grown on bare soil as control treatment (CONV), in a sown sward of short growing lawn cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and red fescue (F. rubra L.) (LAWN), and in a sown sward of taller forage cultivars of the same species (FORA). Accession-by-cultivation system interaction variances were large for growth habit but small for vigor. Phenotypic correlation coefficients (
Christoph Grieder; Katharina Kempf; Franz Schubiger. Breeding Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Mixture with Grasses. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8929 .
AMA StyleChristoph Grieder, Katharina Kempf, Franz Schubiger. Breeding Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Mixture with Grasses. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8929.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristoph Grieder; Katharina Kempf; Franz Schubiger. 2021. "Breeding Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Mixture with Grasses." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8929.
Leaf stomata are microscopic pores mediating plant-environment interactions. Their role in carbon uptake and transpiration make them prime candidates for improving water use efficiency (WUE). Stomatal density (SD), the number of stomata per unit area, has been shown to be negatively correlated with WUE. However, little is known about the genetic basis of SD in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and to what extant genetic variation exists in contemporary wheat germplasm. Here, we evaluated stomatal patterning over two growing seasons in a set of 333 wheat lines, representing the European winter wheat germplasm. Stomatal patterning was mainly determined by two underlying traits, the distance between files of stomata and the distance between stomata within a file. By haplotype association mapping, quantitative trait loci for SD were consistently detected in both seasons on wheat chromosomes (CHR) 2A, 3A and 7B. The single nucleotide polymorphism markers most significantly associated with SD coincided with the genes INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 (ICE1) and STOMATAL CYTOKINESIS-DEFECTIVE 1 (SCD1) on CHR 3A, and genes involved in ethylene and auxin signaling on CHR 2A and 7B, respectively. Our study unlocks the phenotypic and genotypic variation for stomatal patterning traits in contemporary wheat germplasm. It provides gene targets for functional validation and practical tools to manipulate SD using marker-assisted selection for crop improvement.
Steven Andrew Yates; Andreas Bruun; Marius Hodel; Christoph Grieder; Andreas Hund; Achim Walter; Bruno Studer. Genetic determination of stomatal patterning in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). 2018, 490029 .
AMA StyleSteven Andrew Yates, Andreas Bruun, Marius Hodel, Christoph Grieder, Andreas Hund, Achim Walter, Bruno Studer. Genetic determination of stomatal patterning in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). . 2018; ():490029.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSteven Andrew Yates; Andreas Bruun; Marius Hodel; Christoph Grieder; Andreas Hund; Achim Walter; Bruno Studer. 2018. "Genetic determination of stomatal patterning in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." , no. : 490029.
Plant growth is a good indicator of crop performance and can be measured by different methods and on different spatial and temporal scales. In this study, we measured the canopy height growth of maize (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) under field conditions by terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). We tested the hypotheses whether such measurements are capable to elucidate (1) differences in architecture that exist between genotypes; (2) genotypic differences between canopy height growth during the season and (3) short-term growth fluctuations (within 24 h), which could e.g. indicate responses to rapidly fluctuating environmental conditions. The canopies were scanned with a commercially available 3D laser scanner and canopy height growth over time was analyzed with a novel and simple approach using spherical targets with fixed positions during the whole season. This way, a high precision of the measurement was obtained allowing for comparison of canopy parameters (e.g. canopy height growth) at subsequent time points. Three filtering approaches for canopy height calculation from TLS were evaluated and the most suitable approach was used for the subsequent analyses. For wheat, high coefficients of determination (R2) of the linear regression between manually measured and TLS-derived canopy height were achieved. The temporal resolution that can be achieved with our approach depends on the scanned crop. For maize, a temporal resolution of several hours can be achieved, whereas soybean is ideally scanned only once per day, after leaves have reached their most horizontal orientation. Additionally, we could show for maize that plant architectural traits are potentially detectable with our method. The TLS approach presented here allows for measuring canopy height growth of different crops under field conditions with a high temporal resolution, depending on crop species. This method will enable advances in automated phenotyping for breeding and precision agriculture applications. In future studies, the TLS method can be readily applied to detect the effects of plant stresses such as drought, limited nutrient availability or compacted soil on different genotypes or on spatial variance in fields.
Michael Friedli; Norbert Kirchgessner; Christoph Grieder; Frank Liebisch; Michael Mannale; Achim Walter. Terrestrial 3D laser scanning to track the increase in canopy height of both monocot and dicot crop species under field conditions. Plant Methods 2016, 12, 1 -15.
AMA StyleMichael Friedli, Norbert Kirchgessner, Christoph Grieder, Frank Liebisch, Michael Mannale, Achim Walter. Terrestrial 3D laser scanning to track the increase in canopy height of both monocot and dicot crop species under field conditions. Plant Methods. 2016; 12 (1):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Friedli; Norbert Kirchgessner; Christoph Grieder; Frank Liebisch; Michael Mannale; Achim Walter. 2016. "Terrestrial 3D laser scanning to track the increase in canopy height of both monocot and dicot crop species under field conditions." Plant Methods 12, no. 1: 1-15.