Centrifugal blood pumps have provided a powerful artificial support system for patients with vascular diseases. In the design process, geometrical optimization is usually needed to acquire a more biocompatible model for clinical uses. In the current paper, we propose a method for multi-objective optimization concerning both the hydraulic and the hemolytic performances of the pump based on the near-orthogonal array in which the traditional hemolysis index (HI) is replaced with the maximum scalar shear stress criteria to reduce the computation load. The method is demonstrated with the optimization of an extracorporeal centrifugal blood pump with an unshrouded impeller. CFD studies on the original and nine modified pump models are carried out. The calculated hydraulic performances of the optimized model are also compared against the experiments for validation of the numeric method, with an error of 3.6% at the original design point. The resulting blood pump with low maximum scalar shear stress (132.2 Pa) shows a low degree of calculated HI (1.69 × 10⁻³).

Advection–diffusion–Langmuir adsorption (ADLA) presents a complex problem in chemical engineering and biomedicine fields. This transport phenomenon can be described by the advection–diffusion–reaction (ADR) equations, which traditionally require intensive computational load at extreme conditions. In this paper, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are applied to solve the ADR equations due to their mesh-free and computationally efficient nature. Six cases are examined, including both diffusion-dominated and advection-dominated cases with varying Péclet numbers Pe and aspect ratios λ. To ensure stability and efficiency during training with the Adam optimizer, the gradients of the loss function are analyzed. Key gradient terms causing instability are identified, leading to recommendations for lower weights for these gradient terms. The validation results show that compared to the finite difference method, PINN achieves a concentration field error within 10% and an average adsorption amount error within 7.2% for diffusion-dominated cases. For advection-dominated cases, the errors are within 20% and 2.5%, respectively. In conclusion, PINNs can offer an efficient and accurate technique for solving ADR equations.

The advection–diffusion–Langmuir adsorption processes of a liquid solution, colloid, or suspension occur in many biomedical and chemical engineering fields. The dynamics of the system can be described by the so-called advection–diffusion–reaction (ADR) equations and are greatly influenced by five nondimensional numbers. Up to now, cases over a wider range of parameters have not been thoroughly studied, and the quantitative dependence of the system dynamics on the parameters remains unclear. In this study, we systematically solve the ADR equations in two-dimensional plane Poiseuille flows for cases with selected values of parameters by the finite difference method. We identify two different regimes in terms of the distribution of the maximum adsorption flux and discuss the dominant mechanism of mass transfer and the influences of the nondimensional parameters in each regime. We then propose analytical models to describe the influences of specific parameters on the adsorption equilibrium time. The results of this research may provide a convenient method to identify the dominant processes in the advection–diffusion–Langmuir adsorption system in future studies.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Extracorporeal centrifugal blood pumps are crucial medical devices for patient treatment. Most research focuses on steady state performance of the pumps, while the transient characteristics during startup also requires further investigation, which could significantly affect hydraulic performance and physiological compatibility. This study employs numerical simulations, supported by experimental validation, to analyze the hydraulic performance, flow structure, pressure fluctuations, and physiological compatibility of a self-developed extracorporeal centrifugal blood pump during the startup processes with three startup modes with varying angular acceleration profiles. The results show that the startup mode with gradually increasing acceleration exhibits more stable pressure fluctuations and better physiological compatibility, while the mode with gradually decreasing acceleration demonstrates more stable hydraulic performance. The results provide experimental data and theoretical support for blood pump startup processes and valuable guidance for selecting appropriate startup modes during emergency scenarios. Moreover, the results can offer insights for the development of intelligent startup systems for extracorporeal centrifugal blood pumps in the future and insights for pulsatile blood pump research.

The advection–diffusion–Langmuir adsorption processes of a liquid solution, colloid, or suspension occur in many biomedical and chemical engineering fields. The dynamics of the system can be described by the so-called advection–diffusion–reaction (ADR) equations and are greatly influenced by five nondimensional numbers. Up to now, cases over a wider range of parameters have not been thoroughly studied, and the quantitative dependence of the system dynamics on the parameters remains unclear. In this study, we systematically solve the ADR equations in two-dimensional plane Poiseuille flows for cases with selected values of parameters by the finite difference method. We identify two different regimes in terms of the distribution of the maximum adsorption flux and discuss the dominant mechanism of mass transfer and the influences of the nondimensional parameters in each regime. We then propose analytical models to describe the influences of specific parameters on the adsorption equilibrium time. The results of this research may provide a convenient method to identify the dominant processes in the advection–diffusion–Langmuir adsorption system in future studies.

The advection–diffusion–Langmuir adsorption processes of a liquid solution, colloid, or suspension occur in many biomedical and chemical engineering fields. The dynamics of the system can be described by the so-called advection–diffusion–reaction (ADR) equations and are greatly influenced by five nondimensional numbers. Up to now, cases over a wider range of parameters have not been thoroughly studied, and the quantitative dependence of the system dynamics on the parameters remains unclear. In this study, we systematically solve the ADR equations in two-dimensional plane Poiseuille flows for cases with selected values of parameters by the finite difference method. We identify two different regimes in terms of the distribution of the maximum adsorption flux and discuss the dominant mechanism of mass transfer and the influences of the nondimensional parameters in each regime. We then propose analytical models to describe the influences of specific parameters on the adsorption equilibrium time. The results of this research may provide a convenient method to identify the dominant processes in the advection–diffusion–Langmuir adsorption system in future studies.