This research deals with increasing the hardening and insulating the petroleum pipes against the conditions and erosion of different environments. So, basic material of epoxy has been mixed with Ceramic Nano Zirconia reinforcement material 35 nm with the percentages (0,1,2,3,4,5) %, whereas the paint basis of broken petroleum pipes was used to paint on it, then it was cut into dimensions (2 cm. × 2 cm.) and 0.3cm high. After the paint and percentages are completed, the samples were immersed into the paint. Then, the micro-hardness was checked according to Vickers method and thermal inspection of paint, which contained (Thermal conduction, thermal flux and Thermal diffusivity), the density of the painted samples was calculated,. The results of the research indicate that the concentration (5%ZrO2) gives the best results that the hardness of this concentration reached to (92 Hv). By contrast, the thermal conduction was continued at a insulation limit (2.4 W/m.K). The thermal diffusivity was (1.16 mm2/sec.), the thermal flux reached to (70.4 w.s 1/2/m2.K) and the density at the same percentage was (4.87 g/m3). This means that there is a linear proportionality and development with increasing in the percentage of Nano Zirconia additive to epoxy.

Turbine blades commonly encounter external defects, such as cracks and high porosity, while in operation. To mitigate these challenges, the method of thermal spraying by flame is utilized for the application of cermet materials, which comprise both metal and ceramics, onto the blades. This process involved incorporating manganese (Mn) into a chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) base in varying proportions (3,6,9,12,15)%. Before this, the two blends underwent multiple preparatory stages, such as being combined in a micro-mill for two hours and subsequently dried at 80 °C for thirty minutes to eliminate any moisture in the lab. The coating bases were prepared from an out-of-service turbine bit and shaped into squares with a side length of 1 cm. The bases were then roughened and indented using a paint gun. The resulting models were sintered at a temperature of 1000 °C for two hours. A number of structural and physical tests were carried out for the painted models before and after thermal sintering. Scanning electron microscope tests revealed crystalline regularity and lattice consistency of the outer surface especially at 15%Mn. The observed results of actual density indicated a gradual increase in density with successive additions of manganese. However, there was a consistent decrease in real porosity and water absorption, resulting in lower values at 15%. The hardness and adhesion strength exhibited significant improvements, increasing by approximately 15%. Conversely, the addition of the stiffener led to a continuous decrease in thermal conductivity. Consequently, it was concluded that the ideal coating settings for achieving favorable results were a coating distance of 16cm, a coating angle of 90°, and thermal sintering at 1000 °C.

The study included nickel powder support by nano titanium oxide and silicon carbide (SiC) using the powder method wherein titanium oxide cementing percentages (5,10,15,20)% were taken while silicon carbide (SiC) was at a constant rate of 5% with The base material which of is nickel. Then, mixing the powders with an electric mixer for a two hours and pressing them with an electric piston at (5ton) for one minute. The resulting samples were sintered by a thermal oven at (1100°C) and using the argon gas to reduce oxidation for a period of only two hours. The structural structure of the models was studied by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), as well as a study of mechanical properties that included hardness, compressive strength and wear. The results of the scanning electron microscope showed the homogeneity of the components of the mixed materials characteristically after the high sintering process, and the results of hardness before sintering were (90-132) Hv, when reinforcing from (0-20) %TiO₂ while reaching the value of (110-189) Hv are reinforcing from (0-20) %TiO₂ with sintering 1100°C, researchers also find that the compressive strength before sintering is (14-.822) MPa when reinforcing from (0-20) %TiO₂, while it reached the value of (17.8-32) MPa when supporting from (0-20) %TiO₂ and sintering 1100°C, while the wear rate after sintering was the lowest value which is at (20 TiO₂%).