Internal tides play a crucial role in ocean mixing. To explore the seasonal features of mode-1 $M_2$ internal tides in the Arabian Sea, we analyzed their propagation and energy distribution using along-track sea-level anomaly data collected by satellite altimeters. We identified four primary source regions of internal tides: Abd al Kuri Island, the Carlsberg Ridge, the northeastern Arabian Sea, and the Maldive Islands. The baroclinic signals that originate from Abd al Kuri Island propagate meridionally, whereas those originating from the west coast of India propagate southwestward. The strength and energy flux of the internal tides in the Arabian Sea exhibit significant seasonal and spatial variability. The internal tides generated during winter are more energetic and can propagate further than those generated in summer. Doppler shifting and horizontal variations in stratification can explain the differences in the internal tides’ seasonal distributions.

Abiotic conditions influence biodiversity and population connectivity, the assessment of which is critical for predicting climate change impacts and guiding conservation efforts. Coral reefs face severe losses, making effective conservation strategies increasingly urgent. Here, we use a seascape genomics approach to examine the population genetic structure of three non-model scleractinian corals around the Arabian Peninsula, a region with distinctive oceanographic features. We reveal contrasting patterns across species, which we integrate with geographic distances, larval dispersal models, and environmental data. Population structure appears shaped both by isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by resistance (IBR), with environmental gradients often covarying with spatial separation. Our findings clarify coral diversification and evolutionary responses to conditions around the region. This work also provides a methodological framework to advance our understanding of processes structuring reef populations, thereby informing efforts to design robust marine protected area networks in the face of climate change and biodiversity loss.

This study investigates the variability of internal tides in the Arabian Sea from 2003 to 2019 using a three‐dimensional high‐resolution general ocean circulation model forced by realistic forcing. The model reveals their key generation sites including around Socotra Island, the Carlsberg Ridge, the Maldives, and the northeastern Arabian Sea. The analysis of depth‐integrated kinetic energy and energy flux reveals significant spatial and temporal variability driven by seasonal, interannual, and multi‐year climatic factors. Peak activity occurs in summer and winter due to the monsoonal cycle, and a quasi six‐year modulation is also evident in the internal tide energy. Correlation analysis shows that internal tide energy is strongly linked to upper ocean stratification on seasonal time scales, but this relationship weakens markedly after removing the climatological cycle, indicating that their interannual covariance is limited and influenced by additional processes. Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis further clarifies the dominant spatial and temporal patterns. The leading mode represents a basin‐wide coherent response, while the second mode highlights an out‐of‐phase structure between the major generation regions and the remote propagation pathways. These results reveal the complex variability of internal tides in the Arabian Sea and underscore the influence of both stratification and large‐scale environmental fluctuations on their modulation.