The fight against unmanned vehicles is nothing new; however, especially with the arrival of new technologies that are easily accessible for the wider population, new problems are arising. The deployment of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by paramilitary organizations during conflicts around the world has become a reality, non-lethal “paparazzi” actions have become a common practice, and it is only a matter of time until the population faces lethal attacks. The basic prerequisite for direct defense against attacking UAVs is their detection. The authors of this paper analysed the possibility of detecting flying aircraft in several different electro-magnetic spectrum bands. Firstly, methods based on calculations and simulations were chosen, and experiments in laboratories and measurements of the exterior were subsequently performed. As a result, values of the radar cross section (RCS), the noise level, the surface temperature, and optical as well as acoustic traces of tested devices were quantified. The outputs obtained from calculated, simulated, and experimentally detected values were found via UAV detection distances using specific sensors working in corresponding parts of the frequency spectrum.

This article describes the potential application of missile guidance systems used in surface-to-air (S/A) missiles for landing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in the mini rotary wing category. For these modification purposes the line of sight laser beam riding (LOSLBR) system is currently being considered. To allow for UAV tracking from a ground-based tracking and guidance station (GBTGS), an optoelectronic automated tracking system that operates in the visible spectrum of light has been designed. Likewise, the parameters and capacity limits of the individual parts of these aspects are defined and verified, depending on the type of the flying object being observed and guided. In terms of monitoring, the optical path transmission parameters such as the type of optical sensor, lens parameters, throughput and speed of the interface, type of compression, and attributes of the machine vision algorithms are investigated.

Mechatronics, as an interdisciplinary scientific branch, offers innovative solutions to the complex challenges faced by air defence systems. This article explores the key mechatronics principles applied in the development and optimisation of air defence technologies, including sensor integration, real-time data processing, automated targeting, and intelligent control systems. By leveraging these principles, modern air defence systems achieve superior accuracy in threat detection, tracking, and interception, thereby improving overall defensive capabilities. The synergy between mechatronics and air defence not only enhances operational effectiveness but also reduces response times and increases technical reliability. This comprehensive paper underscores the transformative impact of mechatronics on air defence, highlighting case studies and real-world applications that demonstrate its critical role in ensuring national security in an era of rapidly evolving aerial threats. The paper provides a general overview of SBAD and mechatronics applications and focuses in more detail on the example of missile guidance using the Track via Missile principle and proportional guidance method.

The article deals with the area of the unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) and optimization of sensor placement. It involves finding the optimal location of the sensors in a robot to achieve the desired performance objectives. This process usually involves several steps, such as defining the performance metrics, selecting the appropriate sensors, designing the sensor placement configurations, and evaluating the performance of the resulting system. The main objective of the article is to analyze and define the optimal number and type of sensors to provide the best environmental surveillance for the UGV. The suggested sensor types and solutions are analyzed with multi-criteria analysis and verified in the WEBOTS robot simulator synthetic environment.