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Lin Fan
Artificial Intelligence and Human Languages Lab, Beijing Foreign Studies University, China

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Review
Published: 23 June 2021 in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
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In discourse comprehension, we need to draw inferences to make sense of discourse. Previous neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural correlates of causal inferences in discourse understanding. However, these findings have been divergent, and how these types of inferences are related to causal inferences in logical problem-solving remains unclear. Using the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) approach, the current meta-analysis analyzed 19 experiments on causal inferences in discourse understanding and 20 experiments on those in logical problem-solving to identify the neural correlates of these two cognitive processes and their shared and distinct neural correlates. We found that causal inferences in discourse comprehension recruited a left-lateralized frontotemporal brain system, including the left inferior frontal gyrus, the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), while causal inferences in logical problem-solving engaged a nonoverlapping brain system in the frontal and parietal cortex, including the left inferior frontal gyrus, the bilateral middle frontal gyri, the dorsal MPFC, and the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Furthermore, the pattern similarity analyses showed that causal inferences in discourse understanding were primarily related to the terms about language processing and theory-of-mind processing. Both types of inferences were found to be related to the terms about memory and executive function. These findings suggest that causal inferences in discourse understanding recruit distinct neural bases from those in logical problem-solving and rely more on semantic knowledge and social interaction experiences.

ACS Style

Wangshu Feng; Weijuan Wang; Jia Liu; Zhen Wang; Lingyun Tian; Lin Fan. Neural Correlates of Causal Inferences in Discourse Understanding and Logical Problem-Solving: A Meta-Analysis Study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2021, 15, 1 .

AMA Style

Wangshu Feng, Weijuan Wang, Jia Liu, Zhen Wang, Lingyun Tian, Lin Fan. Neural Correlates of Causal Inferences in Discourse Understanding and Logical Problem-Solving: A Meta-Analysis Study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 2021; 15 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wangshu Feng; Weijuan Wang; Jia Liu; Zhen Wang; Lingyun Tian; Lin Fan. 2021. "Neural Correlates of Causal Inferences in Discourse Understanding and Logical Problem-Solving: A Meta-Analysis Study." Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 22 June 2021 in Sustainability
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This paper explored crucial factors to achieve sustainable development of early language education by examining the relationship between two dimensions of family language policy—language ideologies and language practices—as well as the relationship between family language policy and the development of children’s narrative macrostructure. Data were collected via a language performance test and a questionnaire survey of 131 kindergartners from 10 kindergartens in a Chinese city. Structural equation modeling corroborated the relationship between family language ideologies and family language practices proposed by family language policy theorists. Results showed that family language policy significantly predicted kindergarteners’ development of narrative macrostructure. In addition, age was shown to be a significant predictor of narrative macrostructure development, whereas gender was not. Implications for early intervention of children’s narrative macrostructure development were discussed.

ACS Style

Jing Yin; Yan Ding; Lin Fan. Language Ideologies, Practices, and Kindergarteners’ Narrative Macrostructure Development: Crucial Factors for Sustainable Development of Early Language Education. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6985 .

AMA Style

Jing Yin, Yan Ding, Lin Fan. Language Ideologies, Practices, and Kindergarteners’ Narrative Macrostructure Development: Crucial Factors for Sustainable Development of Early Language Education. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):6985.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Yin; Yan Ding; Lin Fan. 2021. "Language Ideologies, Practices, and Kindergarteners’ Narrative Macrostructure Development: Crucial Factors for Sustainable Development of Early Language Education." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 6985.

Original research article
Published: 13 January 2021 in Frontiers in Education
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In recent years, due to the concern of the high rate of burnout and attrition of teachers in their early career years, teacher resilience has become a vital theme in the study of their professional development. However, little has been done in China. This study contextualized teacher resilience development in Chinese universities and interviewed seven resilient novice foreign language (FL) teachers to explore risk factors confronting them in Chinese contexts and resilience strategies they have employed to cope with these challenges. In-depth interview data and informants' reflective journals were analyzed inductively by using thematic analysis. The results of the study unfolded risk factors peculiar to Chinese context, and novices' adoption of resilience strategies was found to involve teachers' highly selective and dynamic interaction with risk and protective factors, and individual agency manifested itself as an important factor in novice FL teacher resilience development.

ACS Style

Lin Fan; Fang Ma; Yan-Mei Liu; Tao Liu; Lin Guo; Lu-Nan Wang. Risk Factors and Resilience Strategies: Voices From Chinese Novice Foreign Language Teachers. Frontiers in Education 2021, 5, 1 .

AMA Style

Lin Fan, Fang Ma, Yan-Mei Liu, Tao Liu, Lin Guo, Lu-Nan Wang. Risk Factors and Resilience Strategies: Voices From Chinese Novice Foreign Language Teachers. Frontiers in Education. 2021; 5 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin Fan; Fang Ma; Yan-Mei Liu; Tao Liu; Lin Guo; Lu-Nan Wang. 2021. "Risk Factors and Resilience Strategies: Voices From Chinese Novice Foreign Language Teachers." Frontiers in Education 5, no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 16 August 2020 in The Journal of General Psychology
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Previous research into predictive inferences making showed that textual constraint influenced hemispheric processing of the inferences. However, the relationship between metacomprehension monitoring competence (MMC) and hemispheric processing of predictive inferences has rarely been investigated. The present study employed a divided visual field (DVF) paradigm to examine the effects of textual constraint and MMC on hemispheric processing of predictive inferences with Chinese native speakers during Chinese text reading. Results showed that neither response time nor facilitation effects indicated any significant interaction for our MMC groups. MMC was unlikely to play a role in hemispheric processing of predictive inferences. The results were consistent with those of the very rare relevant previous research, in which readers’ judgments of learning failed to have significant effects on inference making performance while judgments of inferencing had. Future investigation could focus more on the study of an inference-specific dimension of metacomprehension monitoring that might be more closely related to inference making. Results also indicated that the left hemisphere (LH) showed greater facilitation for strongly constrained predictive inferences than for weakly constrained predictive inferences, and that the right hemisphere (RH) showed greater levels of facilitation for weakly constrained predictive inferences. Taken together, MMC did not seem to have a positive impact on hemispheric predictive inference making. There was a RH facilitation advantage for weakly constrained texts and an LH advantage for strongly constrained texts.

ACS Style

Fei Xu; Lin Fan; Zhen Wang; Weijuan Wang; Jing Meng. Hemispheric processing of predictive inferences: the effects of textual constraint and metacomprehension monitoring competence. The Journal of General Psychology 2020, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Fei Xu, Lin Fan, Zhen Wang, Weijuan Wang, Jing Meng. Hemispheric processing of predictive inferences: the effects of textual constraint and metacomprehension monitoring competence. The Journal of General Psychology. 2020; ():1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fei Xu; Lin Fan; Zhen Wang; Weijuan Wang; Jing Meng. 2020. "Hemispheric processing of predictive inferences: the effects of textual constraint and metacomprehension monitoring competence." The Journal of General Psychology , no. : 1-20.

Original research article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Frontiers in Psychology
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Emotionally valenced words have thus far not been empirically examined in a bilingual population with the emotional face-word Stroop paradigm. Chinese-English bilinguals were asked to identify the facial expressions of emotion with their first (L1) or second (L2) language task-irrelevant emotion words superimposed on the face pictures. We attempted to examine how the emotional content of words modulates behavioral performance and cerebral functioning in the bilinguals’ two languages. The results indicated that there were significant congruency effects for both L1 and L2 emotion words, and that identifiable differences in the magnitude of Stroop effect between the two languages were also observed, suggesting L1 is more capable of activating the emotional response to word stimuli. For event-related potentials (ERPs) data, an N350-550 effect was observed only in L1 task with greater negativity for incongruent than congruent trials. The size of N350-550 effect differed across languages, whereas no identifiable language distinction was observed in the effect of conflict slow potential (conflict SP). Finally, more pronounced negative amplitude at 230-330 ms was observed in L1 than in L2, but only for incongruent trials. This negativity, likened to an orthographic decoding N250, may reflect the extent of attention to emotion word processing at word-form level, while N350-550 reflects a complicated set of processes in the conflict processing. Overall, the face-word congruency effect has reflected identifiable language distinction at 230-330 and 350-550 ms, which provides supporting evidence for the theoretical proposals assuming attenuated emotionality of L2 processing.

ACS Style

Lin Fan; Qiang Xu; Xiaoxi Wang; Feng Zhang; Yaping Yang; Xiaoping Liu. Neural Correlates of Task-Irrelevant First and Second Language Emotion Words – Evidence from the Emotional Face–Word Stroop Task. Frontiers in Psychology 2016, 7, 1 .

AMA Style

Lin Fan, Qiang Xu, Xiaoxi Wang, Feng Zhang, Yaping Yang, Xiaoping Liu. Neural Correlates of Task-Irrelevant First and Second Language Emotion Words – Evidence from the Emotional Face–Word Stroop Task. Frontiers in Psychology. 2016; 7 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin Fan; Qiang Xu; Xiaoxi Wang; Feng Zhang; Yaping Yang; Xiaoping Liu. 2016. "Neural Correlates of Task-Irrelevant First and Second Language Emotion Words – Evidence from the Emotional Face–Word Stroop Task." Frontiers in Psychology 7, no. : 1.