This study explored how an educational program on hematopoietic stem-cell donation (HSCD) affects the knowledge, attitude, and willingness for HSCD among nursing students. The subjects were the nursing students at a university in Korea: 43 in the experimental group and 42 in the control group. All subjects took a pre-test, and only the experimental group attended an educational program. Both the groups completed two post-tests. Variables of interest were knowledge, attitude, willingness, and registration ratio for HSCD. The educational program increased knowledge (F = 8.093, p < 0.001) and attitude (F = −6.422, p < 0.001) of the experiment group. After the program, the experimental group showed higher willingness for HSCD (χ² = 7.609, p = 0.006) and higher registration ratio for HSCD (χ ²= 4.258, p = 0.039) compared to the control group. The educational programs for knowledge and attitude about HSCD will affect the students’ future nursing, and influence clients and their families toward positive perception on HSCD and organ donations.

The electric vehicle market is rapidly growing due to its environmental friendliness and governmental support. As electric vehicles are powered by electricity, the interoperability between the vehicles and the chargers made by multiple vendors is crucial for the success of the technology. Relevant standards are being published, but the methods for conformance testing need to be developed. In this paper, we present our conformance test system for the electric vehicle charger in accordance with the standards ISO/IEC 15118, IEC 61851 and IEC 61850-90-8. Our test system leverages the TTCN-3 framework for its flexibility and productivity. We evaluate the test system by lab tests with two reference chargers that we built. We also present the test results in two international testival events for the ISO/IEC 15118 interoperability. We confirmed that our test system is robust, efficient and practical.

Opportunistic sensing allows applications to “task” mobile devices to measure context in a target region. For example, one could leverage sensor-equipped vehicles to measure traffic or pollution levels on a particular street or users’ mobile phones to locate (Bluetooth-enabled) objects in their vicinity. In most proposed applications, context reports include the time and location of the event, putting the privacy of users at increased risk: even if identifying information has been removed from a report, the accompanying time and location can reveal sufficient information to de-anonymize the user whose device sent the report. We propose and evaluate a novel spatiotemporal blurring mechanism based on tessellation and clustering to protect users’ privacy against the system while reporting context. Our technique employs a notion of probabilistic k-anonymity; it allows users to perform local blurring of reports efficiently without an online anonymization server before the data are sent to the system. The proposed scheme can control the degree of certainty in location privacy and the quality of reports through a system parameter. We outline the architecture and security properties of our approach and evaluate our tessellation and clustering algorithm against real mobility traces.

ISO 15118 is an international standard for charging communication between electric vehicles and charging infrastructure. Among the series of ISO 15118, ISO 15118-4, ISO 15118-5, ISO 15118-9, and ISO 15118-21 (under development) define active conformance testing methodologies where the test system engages with the system under test as a primary actor and tests whether the counterparty is complying with the standard. However, such a full-fledged test system is not appropriate during system development and field testing. In this paper, a passive conformance testing approach that monitors the packets between the electric vehicle and the charger and performs conformance testing against the requirements of ISO 15118 is proposed. This novel approach exhibits practicality yet comprehensive testing capability for field testing because of its passive access to the packets with deep analysis for the conformance. TestShark, a modified packet analysis tool, showed that the passive conformance testing system can help developers and operators analyze problems in charging communication and assess the quality of implementation with respect to ISO 15118.