Vitiligo is characterized by an autoimmune response targeting melanocytes, thus resulting in skin depigmentation. There are several genetic components involved in the development of vitiligo, of which various gene polymorphisms are currently considered as risk factors. For example, the CTLA4 (T-lymphocyte antigen 4) +49A/G (rs231775) and CT60 (rs3087243) gene variants have been associated with a predisposition for autoimmune diseases in different populations; however, their involvement in the development of vitiligo remains controversial. We evaluated the association between vitiligo and the CTLA4 +49A/G (rs231775) and CT60 (rs3087243) gene variants in a Mexican population. A total of 116 vitiligo patients and 117 control subjects from northeast Mexico were included in the study and analyzed through PCR-RFLP to determine whether there is an association between vitiligo and CTLA4 +49A/G (rs231775) and CT60 (rs3087243) gene variants. No statistical difference was observed for both gene polymorphisms between vitiligo patients and controls (p > 0.05). Otherwise, vitiligo activity, family history of vitiligo, personal history of autoimmune diseases, or sex did not show any difference (p > 0.05). As suggested by the analysis of a northeastern Mexican population, the CTLA4 +49A/G (rs231775) and CT60 (rs3087243) gene variants do not constitute a risk factor in the development of vitiligo.

Cervical cancer represents a public health problem, develops resistance to traditional therapies and cost-of-treatment is high. These disadvantages have led to the search for alternative bioactive-compound-based therapies. Said bioactive compounds include phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a P. plicata extract on the HeLa cell line. Viability and apoptosis assays were run on the two cell lines treated with the extract. The peptides, up- and down-expressed in both cell lines, were identified by PDQuest analysis software and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). Our results show that a 500 mg/L treatment deregulated cell viability, with different apoptotic morphologies observed which are associated with the presence of bio-compounds, which up- and down-regulated the peptides. In conclusion, P. plicata regulates proteins associated with apoptosis in HeLa cancer cells.

Atherosclerosis remains the primary cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with intercellular communication critically influencing vascular homeostasis and disease progression. The connexome comprises connexins, pannexins, and associated proteins, and coordinates endothelial, smooth muscle, and immune cell interactions. Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are key transcriptional regulators that modulate endothelial phenotype, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Advances in nanomedicine provide targeted platforms for modulating these molecular networks, offering novel diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. This review is integrated by a comprehensive literature review conducted across Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science focusing on connexome regulation in vascular biology, and transcriptional control in the context of atherosclerosis. The discussion draws on recent experimental and translational studies linking connexin biology, KLF signaling, and nanomedicine in vascular health and disease. Emphasis is placed on translational evidence for nanoparticle-based delivery systems, including small molecules, nucleic acids, and imaging agents designed to target vascular lesions, with attention to strategies that improve specificity and bioavailability. The convergence of nanomedicine with connexome and KLF-targeted interventions could redefine atherosclerosis management by enabling precision drug delivery and real-time monitoring. Achieving clinical translation will require overcoming challenges related to nanoparticle biocompatibility, targeted biodistribution, immune compatibility, and long-term safety to fully realize their therapeutic potential.