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In Bangladesh 164 million people depend on rice but due to climate change (CC) vulnerabilities the yield of rice is severely reducing. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of CC on rice yield using recent trend analysis, Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test and correlation. For this study,...

The study intends to assess water scarcity, seasonal variations, and social conflicts through a cross sectional study based on people's perceptions. A well-structured questionnaire coupled with an interview schedule was used for data collection from the 60 households living in the mountainous two villages at Waga union of Kaptai Upazila under Rangamati District, Bangladesh. The study employed a multi-stage random sampling technique. The analysis reveals that 90% of respondents in Sapchari Monpara village mostly rely on spring for water, while 83% of respondents in Debotachari village depend on tube-wells. The study also shows that 80% of the respondents have experienced water scarcity in domestic use, while 90% of respondents have reported short duration of the rainy season causes water scarcity. More than 80% of respondents believe that shifting cultivation in upland catchments causes water quality degradation in the study villages. Most of the respondents obtain water easily in a monsoon at Sapchari Monpara, while others get from tube-wells and traditional wells in all seasons. About (87%) of respondents mention that forest conservation around the water sources can increase water availability.

Bhawal National Park (BNP) is one of the biologically historic and rich habitats in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the current management strategies of BNP for sustainable biodiversity conservation along with investigations focusing underlying causes of deforestation and biodiversity losses. A structured questionnaire survey, interview, focused group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KII), and literature survey were used as research tools. The results reveal some threats to the sustainable park management, such as its proximity to urban areas, encroachment, abundance of private land within its boundaries, and the pressure of rapid industrialization. It is found that extensive fuelwood collection, industrial setup, agricultural activities, forest fire, forest land encroachment, wood collection are significant causes for deforestation and biodiversity loss. Moreover, number of species of plants and wildlife has decreased roughly by one-third and one-half, respectively. The findings of this study are valuable for sustainable forest biodiversity conservation and management apart from formulating relevant strategies, planning, and policies for the protected areas of Bangladesh.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the major regulated pollutant of landfill leachate in solid waste management industries. Recently, aged-refuse bioreactor (ARB) has received increasing attention for reduction of DOM from mature leachate due to low energy consumption, easy operation, simple maintenance, low cost, and high treatment efficiency. However, the information regarding alternation of the DOM nature during ARB treatment is highly limited. To figure out appropriate posttreatment for effluent of ARB and meet elevated discharge standards, especially in developing countries, this study investigates the characterization of mature leachate DOM during ammonia stripping and two-stage ARB treatment by means of synchronous scanning fluorescence spectra, excitation-emission matrices spectra, and molecular size distribution. The analytical results indicated that ammonia stripping could not significantly remove DOM, though the process was effective in ammonia nitrogen reduction. In contrast, ARB could remove substantial DOM. The first stage ARB preferentially attacked both fulivc-acid-like and humic-acid-like organic molecules and the second stage ARB played a polishing treatment role with a similar treatment fashion. The final effluent after ammonia stripping and two-stage ARB treatment still contained fulvic-acid-like DOM with low molecular weight (<5 kDa) that should be further removed by appropriate posttreatment.