INTRODUCTION & AIM: Medication errors as a serious problem in world and one of the most common medical errors that threaten patient safety and may lead to even death of them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of medication errors and strategies to prevention of them from nurses and nursing student viewpoint.MATERIALS & METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 327 nursing staff of khatam-al-anbia hospital and 62 intern nursing students in nursing and midwifery school of Zahedan, Iran, enrolled through the availability sampling in 2015. The data were collected by the valid and reliable questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, T-test and ANOVA were applied by use of SPSS16 software.FINDINGS: The results showed that the most common causes of medications errors in nursing were tiredness due increased workload (97.8%), and in nursing students were drug calculation, (77.4%). The most important way for prevention in nurses and nursing student opinion, was reducing the work pressure by increasing the personnel, proportional to the number and condition of patients and also creating a unit as medication calculation. Also there was a significant relationship between the type of ward and the mean of medication errors in two groups.CONCLUSION: Based on the results it is recommended that nurse-managers resolve the human resources problem, provide workshops and in-service education about preparing medications, side-effects of drugs and pharmacological knowledge. Using electronic medications cards is a measure which reduces medications errors.

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal motor neuron disease. Due to the limited knowledge about potential biomarkers that help in early diagnosis and monitoring disease progression, today’s diagnoses are based on ruling out other diseases, neurography, and electromyography examination, which takes a time-consuming procedure. Methods: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science were explored to extract articles published from January 2015 to June 2023. In the searching strategy following keywords were included; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and plama. Results: A total number of 6 studies describing fluid-based exosomal biomarkers were included in this study. Aggregated proteins including SOD1, TDP-43, pTDP-43, and FUS could be detected in the microvesicles (MVs). Moreover, TDP-43 and NFL extracted from plasma exosomes could be used as prognostic biomarkers. Also, downregulated miR-27a-3p detected through exoEasy Maxi and exoQuick Kit in the plasma could be measured as a diagnostic biomarker. Eventually, the upregulated level of CORO1A could be used to monitor disease progression. Conclusion: Based on the results, each biomarker alone is insufficient to evaluate ALS. CNS-derived exosomes contain multiple ALS-related biomarkers (SOD1, TDP-43, pTDP-43, FUS, and miRNAs) that are detectable in cerebrospinal fluid and blood is a proper alternation. Exosome detecting kits listed as exoEasy, ExoQuick, Exo-spin, ME kit, ExoQuick Plus, and Exo-Flow, are helpful to reach this purpose.

Background: Olive (Olea europaea), from the Oleaseae family, is a very popular plant for its biological and pharmacological characteristics. Olive tree derivatives possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and cardioprotective effects. Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of olive leaves extract (OLE) on sperm quality and antioxidant capacity in testis of rats exposed to rotenone (ROT). Methods: In the current experimental study, 36 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 6). Control, Sham, ROT, and 3 ROTs treated with OLE (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day). ROT 3 mg/kg/48 hours was injected subcutaneously (s.c), and vehicle or OLE was administrated by oral gavage for 30 days. At the end of the study, animals were scarified and their testis tissue and epididymis samples were removed and their sperm parameters (viability, motility, and sperm count), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in sperm parameters and TAC in the ROT group. MDA level increased in ROT group compared to that of the control group. The 30 day administration of OLE significantly improved the sperm qualitative parameters and TAC, and decreased the elevation of MDA in the treated groups (P value < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, the antioxidant effects of OLE significantly increased sperm quality and TAC, and decreased MDA level in the testis of rats exposed to ROT. These results revealed that OLE improved the sperm quality and suggested that OLE may treat infertility. Keywords: Rotenone; Olive Leaves Extract; Sperm Quality; Antioxidant Status

Background: Today, the prevalence of Internet Addiction (IA) is increasing among college students and the mental health of students is reduced with the increasing severity of IA. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate IA and mental health among medical sciences students in the southeast of Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 417 students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Southeast of Iran, during year 2016. The participants were recruited through a two-stage stratified sampling method. The data collection was done using Young Internet Addiction Test (YIAT) and Goldberg General Health (GHQ) standard questionnaires. Data analysis were performed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, chi-square, and logistic regression tests using SPSS software for Windows version 16. Results: The overall IA prevalence in students was 27.56% (95% CI: 21.3 to 30.8). The prevalence of IA was 15.82% (95% CI: 11.3 to 19.7) in male and 11.74% (95% CI: 8.5 to 14.6) in female students. Mean mental health was 39.90 ± 1.34 and 48.17 ± 2.56 in normal and addicted users, respectively. There was a significant difference between IA and male gender (P = 0.001), major (P = 0.019), GPA (P = 0.001), college year (P = 0.013), time of using the Internet (P = 0.003), residency (P = 0.013), time (P = 0.011), location, and reason for using the Internet (P = 0.023). In addition, there was a positive correlation between IA and mental health (P = 0.02, r = 0.36). Conclusions: The overall prevalence of IA was high and effects the mental health of medical sciences students in the southeast Iran. Overuse of the Internet by students may cause depression, and decreased mental health and academic performance. Creating psychological support and the provision of various fun programs could reduce the willingness to overuse the Internet and may prevent from IA complications among students. Keywords: Internet Addiction; Mental Health; Medical Students; General Health

INTRODUCTION & AIM: Emotional intelligence is one of the most important leading factors influencing different aspects of human life. It leads individuals to percept their feelings for appropriate decision making and fields for future accomplishments. The aim of this study was to Investigation of the associations of self-assessed EI with academic achievement and general health among medical students.MATERIALS & METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 426 students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences from October 2014 to May 2015. Random sampling method was used. Sibria Shring standard emotional intelligence questionnaire and Goldberg's standard general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used for data collecting. Data analysis was through descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient) by SPSS v.21. The tests significant level was considered 0.05.FINDINGS: The average total score of emotional intelligence in males (102.23±1.67) was better in comparison with females (98.54±2.23). There was not any significant difference in total mean scores of students of different fields of Study (P=0.211). According to ANOVA test, it has not observed any significant difference between scores of emotional intelligence scales of students from different domains of study. The results of Pearson correlation test confirmed a positive significant correlation between emotional intelligence, academic achievement and general health.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study that has shown a significant relationship between emotional intelligence, general health and academic achievement, it is needed to hold some workshops and classes for emotional intelligence improvement.