The prevalence of physical functioning limitations is positively correlated with age in both men and women. However, whether the appearance of deterioration differs depending on physical function and sex remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the modes of age-related changes in physical function and sex differences in middle-aged and older adults. This study comprised 124 (46 men and 78 women) healthy adults aged 30 years or older and examined gender differences in physical function. The results of this study showed that one-leg standing time had the highest rate of age-related decline in both men and women, followed by knee extension strength, skeletal muscle mass, the 5 m walking test, and the timed up and go test. The sex-specific points showed a high rate of decline in trunk forward bending in men and a high rate of decline in forced expiratory volume (1 s) and gradual rate of decline in the bone area ratio in women. After middle age, it is desirable to start monitoring and training balance, muscle function, and walking. Men require early intervention for flexibility, and women require early intervention for respiratory function and continued intervention for bone mineral density.

Statement of context: A new grip part for the long cane used by visually impaired children was developed and the effect of this grip, using the muscle activity of the upper limbs, investigated. Critical reflection on practice: When using a long cane with this newly designed grip, the upper limb manipulating the cane showed less muscle activity than when using the conventional grip part. Implications for practice: Since long canes with the new grips require less muscle activity in their operation, they are popular, making it possible to encourage their use from the lower grade of elementary school.