This article examines 110 reported incidents from an online survey of 26 women from each of the eight universities in New Zealand. They responded to questions asking them to describe times when work and non-work situations have helped or hindered their advancement in university leadership roles. Five key themes, incorporating a range of factors, emerged as making a difference to advancement as leaders. These themes are: work relationships; university environment; invisible rules; proactivity; and personal circumstances. This research is part of the L-SHIP (Leadership- Supporting Higher Intent & Practice) project and has two main aims. First, to identify factors in universities that help and hinder women’s advancement as leaders, as reported by women; second, to provide useful evidence to underpin the development of programmes supporting women’s advancement in university leadership roles. This research is a first step in the development of the L-SHIP Toolkit for good practice in leadership development in higher education.

The objective of this work was to develop a pre-treatment (cleaning) procedure for a wide range of apparel fabrics and to determine whether differences observed in the properties of fabrics which had and had not been pre-treated were significant. Properties relevant to the manufacture and/or performance of apparel included mass per unit area, thickness, bending length, flex-ural rigidity, drape coefficient, air permeability, water vapor permeability, liquid absorptive capacity, drying time, ‘dry’ thermal resistance, ultra-violet transmission. Results for the same property on the same fabric measured when the fabrics had and had not been pre-treated generally differed significantly, confirming the importance of pre-treatment prior to measuring these properties, particularly when claiming in-use attributes of fabrics. A procedure for pre-treatment is recommended: six consecutive cleaning cycles following procedure 8A of British Standard EN ISO 6330: 2001 (i.e. not dried between cycles), and dried flat following procedure C of this standard.

The aim of the study was to obtain comprehensive anthropometric data from which to develop a sizing system appropriate for inclusion in specifications for protective clothing; and for purchases of other selected equipment. Fifty-five body dimensions on a male sample of the New Zealand Fire Services (n = 691, ˜ 7% of employees) were obtained by direct measurement. Descriptive statistics and selected percentiles (5th, 50th, 95th) are given. The body dimensions accounting for most of the variance in the data were established by factor analysis and are reported here. Size groups for various body sections based on the relevant measurements of that section were established by cluster analysis around a control variable.

Clothing is worn in single- and multiple-layer arrangements and during use subjected to conditions such as extension and wetting. This study investigated how selected variables affected transmission of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) through fabrics and whether these variables interacted to modify transmission. Using a spectrophotometer the effect of i) fabric type (two knitted, two woven), color (black and white), wetness (dry, damp, wet), and extension (relaxed, extended (10 × 10%, 10 × 20%)), and ii) fabric type and layering (1, 2, 3 layers) of white fabrics, on UVR (290—400 nm), UVA (315—400 nm), UVB (290—315 nm), and ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) rating was investigated. Differences among variables were identified using univariate and repeated measures ANOVA, and interactions among variables identified and described. Selecting dark colors, limiting extension and layering fabric were shown to be effective ways of increasing UV protection and UPF by decreasing transmittance. However, the effect of color, extension and layering varied among fabric types and modified UVA and UVB transmittance differently.