The synthesis of benzo[g]chromene derivatives through a multi-component reaction catalyzed by lipase is reported for the first time. This novel efficient method has the advantages of environmental friendliness, high yield and simple work-up. Moreover, this protocol extends the phenomenon of enzyme promiscuity.

In this present study, we proposed a smart biomineralization method for creating hybrid organic–inorganic nanoflowers using a Co²⁺-dependent enzyme (D-psicose 3-epimerase; DPEase) as the organic component and cobalt phosphate as the inorganic component. The prepared nanoflowers have many separated petals that have a nanometer size. Under optimum conditions (60 °C and pH of 8.5), the nanoflower can display its maximum activity (36.2 U/mg), which is about 7.2-fold higher than free DPEase. Furthermore, the immobilized DPEase presents enhanced pH and thermal stabilities. The DPEase-nanoflower maintained about 90% of its activity after six reaction cycles, highlighting its excellent reusability.

Trametes villosa Laccase (TVL) was immobilized through physical adsorption on SBA-15 mesoporous silica and the immobilized TVL was used in the oxidative coupling of trans-resveratrol. Higher loading and activity of the immobilized enzyme on SBA-15 were obtained when compared with the free enzyme. The effects of reaction conditions, such as buffer type, pH, temperature and substrate concentration were investigated, and the optimum conditions were screened and resulted in enzyme activity of up to 10.3 μmol/g·h. Furthermore, the oxidative couplings of the derivatives of trans-resveratrol were also catalyzed by immobilized TVL. The immobilized TVL was recyclable and could maintain 78% of its initial activity after reusing it four times.

In this study, a novel copper nanozyme (CNZ) was synthesized by a mild way and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The as-fabricated CNZ exhibited typical peroxidase activity toward 2, 2′-azinodi-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonate. We successfully applied CNZ for the degradation of methyl orange pollutants. Under the optimum conditions (pH, 3.0; T, 60 °C; H₂O₂ concentration, 200 mM; dosage of CNZ, 8 mg), 93% of the degradation rate could be obtained in less than 10 min. Furthermore, the nanozyme exhibited excellent reusability and storage stability. All these experimental results suggested that CNZ is a powerful catalyst for industrial wastewater treatment.

The laccase-incorporated nanoflower was fabricated and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM images indicate that the laccase-incorporated nanoflower has a high surface area, which may facilitate the mass transfer of the substrate and the product. FTIR spectrums identify the existence of laccase in the nanoflowers. The novel immobilized laccase was used for the synthesis of viniferin. The reaction conditions had been optimized and the laccase-incorporated nanoflower can show its maximum specific activity (16.3 µmol/g/h) under the optimal reaction conditions. The specific activity of the laccase in the nanoflowers is enhanced about 2.2-fold compared with free laccase in solution without copper (II) ions. Furthermore, the laccase in the nanoflowers shows an increase in specific activity of ~180% compared with free laccase in a solution containing high concentrations (similar to the concentration in the flower) of copper (II) ions. The results also indicate that the laccase in the nanoflowers retain 93.2% of its initial specific activity even after ten continuous batches.