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Buildings are responsible for several negative impacts on the environment, most of them related to nonrenewable energy consumption, increasing the concern regarding buildings energy efficiency. In this context, computer software has been used to estimate the energy needs of the built environment, and the Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology can be used to simplify this process. This study aims to validate a BIM-based framework to streamline the energy analysis of Portuguese buildings, based on the method of the national regulation for the thermal performance of residential buildings. Currently, designers need to spend considerable time assessing all the building characteristics and performing the mandatory calculations for energy performance analysis. It is also intended to link the results of the energy simulation with a Building Sustainability Assessment method—SBToolPT-H. The purpose is to demonstrate how it is possible to benefit from this approach to simultaneously improve building sustainability during the design stage. To do so, different case studies were modelled in Autodesk Revit and exported to a BIM energy tool to perform energy simulation analysis. The results were validated against the official assessment method of the Portuguese thermal regulation and were successfully used to assess the SBToolPT-H energy efficiency category. The research outcomes provide design teams with a reliable BIM-based framework to improve building energy performance and to develop thermal projects while enhancing building sustainability. It also increases the knowledge about the integration of sustainability assessment in the BIM environment, providing new insights for complete integration.
José Carvalho; Manuela Almeida; Luís Bragança; Ricardo Mateus. BIM-Based Energy Analysis and Sustainability Assessment—Application to Portuguese Buildings. Buildings 2021, 11, 246 .
AMA StyleJosé Carvalho, Manuela Almeida, Luís Bragança, Ricardo Mateus. BIM-Based Energy Analysis and Sustainability Assessment—Application to Portuguese Buildings. Buildings. 2021; 11 (6):246.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Carvalho; Manuela Almeida; Luís Bragança; Ricardo Mateus. 2021. "BIM-Based Energy Analysis and Sustainability Assessment—Application to Portuguese Buildings." Buildings 11, no. 6: 246.
Renovation at district scale is a key strategy to reduce CO2 emissions by optimising the implementation of renewable energy sources and taking advantage of economy of scale. This paper focuses on analysing good practice examples on energy renovations at district scale. The paper adapts a qualitative research methodology in four phases, including the multi-perspective analysis of nine exemplary renovation projects in six European countries, including identification of drivers and barriers of different stakeholders. It is found that the drivers for a district renovation are not restricted to energy savings, but typically also include improving the overall quality of life as well as the image and economic value of a district. Moreover, the need for financial models that can alleviate split-incentive problems between investors and resident organizations is identified. Barriers for carrying out a district renovation include that there is a need to comply with energy standards, that the renovation scope had to be limited to avoid a noticeable rent increase and that resettling of tenants during the renovation is often not possible. Lessons learned include that good communication amongst the different stakeholders, especially with residents, plays a key role for the success of the project. Furthermore, a strong leadership is needed to coordinate activities due to the great number of stakeholders.
Jørgen Rose; Kirsten Engelund Thomsen; Silvia Domingo-Irigoyen; Roman Bolliger; David Venus; Thaleia Konstantinou; Erwin Mlecnik; Manuela Almeida; Ricardo Barbosa; Jon Terés-Zubiaga; Erik Johansson; Henrik Davidsson; Mira Conci; Tiziano Dalla Mora; Simone Ferrari; Federica Zagarella; Ana Sanchez Ostiz; Jorge San Miguel-Bellod; Aurora Monge-Barrio; Juan Maria Hidalgo-Betanzos. Building renovation at district level – Lessons learned from international case studies. Sustainable Cities and Society 2021, 72, 103037 .
AMA StyleJørgen Rose, Kirsten Engelund Thomsen, Silvia Domingo-Irigoyen, Roman Bolliger, David Venus, Thaleia Konstantinou, Erwin Mlecnik, Manuela Almeida, Ricardo Barbosa, Jon Terés-Zubiaga, Erik Johansson, Henrik Davidsson, Mira Conci, Tiziano Dalla Mora, Simone Ferrari, Federica Zagarella, Ana Sanchez Ostiz, Jorge San Miguel-Bellod, Aurora Monge-Barrio, Juan Maria Hidalgo-Betanzos. Building renovation at district level – Lessons learned from international case studies. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021; 72 ():103037.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJørgen Rose; Kirsten Engelund Thomsen; Silvia Domingo-Irigoyen; Roman Bolliger; David Venus; Thaleia Konstantinou; Erwin Mlecnik; Manuela Almeida; Ricardo Barbosa; Jon Terés-Zubiaga; Erik Johansson; Henrik Davidsson; Mira Conci; Tiziano Dalla Mora; Simone Ferrari; Federica Zagarella; Ana Sanchez Ostiz; Jorge San Miguel-Bellod; Aurora Monge-Barrio; Juan Maria Hidalgo-Betanzos. 2021. "Building renovation at district level – Lessons learned from international case studies." Sustainable Cities and Society 72, no. : 103037.
The correct specification of glazings for façades can reduce the energy consumption in buildings. The heat exchange occurs through transparent surfaces and radiation reaches the building as light and heat. Therefore, glazings significantly contribute to the heat transfer between outdoor and indoor spaces and act directly on daylighting and thermal comfort. This paper reports on the spectrophotometric characterization of glazings transmittance for the study of components of a modular façade system and its suitability for the climate of Portugal (temperate climate). The study focused on results of spectrophotometric measurements of optical properties, specifically the transmittance of some types of glazings (solar control, self-cleaning, low-e, float, and extra-clear) and two types of double glazings. The results show the percentage of transmission to ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions and its importance, which enabled the analysis of the glazing efficiency regarding daylighting and the correlation to thermal performance. Subsidies and indications for the specification and adequate uses of transparent surfaces have been presented and complemented the datasheets available from the manufactures.
Helenice Sacht; Luís Bragança; Manuela Almeida; Rosana Caram. Specification of Glazings for Façades Based on Spectrophotometric Characterization of Transmittance. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5437 .
AMA StyleHelenice Sacht, Luís Bragança, Manuela Almeida, Rosana Caram. Specification of Glazings for Façades Based on Spectrophotometric Characterization of Transmittance. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5437.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHelenice Sacht; Luís Bragança; Manuela Almeida; Rosana Caram. 2021. "Specification of Glazings for Façades Based on Spectrophotometric Characterization of Transmittance." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5437.
The palafitic timber constructions of the central Portuguese coastline are an example of the adaptation to site-specific conditions (climate and sand landscape morphodynamics) using the available endogenous resources. Thus, in a context of environmental awareness and climate change, it is relevant to understand their features/strategies and how they perform. This work analyses the energy performance and thermal condition evaluation of a vernacular timber building–palheiro–from Praia de Mira, through in situ measurements, subjective analysis and energy simulation provided by DesignBuilder/EnergyPlus. The results show a good or satisfactory thermal performance during most of the seasons by passive means only. Despite, it was not possible to guarantee thermal comfort conditions for the occupants during winter. In the energy performance analysis, five scenarios, with different external walls, were compared. In the two scenarios that satisfy the maximum U-value for the climate zone, the current conventional building had a slightly better performance on heating and cooling (less 1.1 and 1.4 kWh/m2, respectively) than the timber building. However, the difference between the two construction solutions is not substantial in the annual energy demand (2.5 kWh/m2, 7.3%), indicating that timber structures are suitable in this mild climate area.
Jorge Fernandes; Ricardo Mateus; Helena Gervásio; Sandra Silva; Jorge Branco; Manuela Almeida. Thermal Performance and Comfort Conditions Analysis of a Vernacular Palafitic Timber Building in Portuguese Coastline Context. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10484 .
AMA StyleJorge Fernandes, Ricardo Mateus, Helena Gervásio, Sandra Silva, Jorge Branco, Manuela Almeida. Thermal Performance and Comfort Conditions Analysis of a Vernacular Palafitic Timber Building in Portuguese Coastline Context. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10484.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Fernandes; Ricardo Mateus; Helena Gervásio; Sandra Silva; Jorge Branco; Manuela Almeida. 2020. "Thermal Performance and Comfort Conditions Analysis of a Vernacular Palafitic Timber Building in Portuguese Coastline Context." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10484.
A full characterization of a building air leakage is labour intensive. As results of laboratory and mock-up experimentation rarely portray in situ conditions, the assessment of real case studies bring added value. Still, the results of experimentation of the latter face more challenges than the former. In this work a full quantitative and qualitative assessment of air leakage paths is performed, using a light steel framing (LSF) modular building with structural insulated panels (SIPs) as case study. Blower-door measurements undergo for a sealing campaign of eleven steps, a technique often described as reductive sealing. Additionally, smoke tracer measurements were carried out to visually identify the air leakage locations. The application of three regression methods resulted in different uncertainty estimates. Less than 7% of the total air leakage was not attributed to one of the considered types of air leakage paths. Assessing less impacting leakage paths first and placing similar types of air leakage paths in a consecutive sealing order seems to be the most correct strategy when using the reductive sealing technique. On average, at a reference pressure difference of 4 Pa, the sealing step uncertainty averaged, 9.9%, 18.8%, and 27.5%, depending on the method used for regression of the blower door test results. Despite the highest calculated uncertainty, literature shows that the application of the method leading to it, Weighted Line of Organic Correlation (WLOC), provides the results in closer agreement with the observed uncertainty of measurements.
Vitor E.M. Cardoso; Nuno M.M. Ramos; Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida; Manuela Almeida; Pedro F. Pereira; Martin Prignon. Reliability of quantitative and qualitative assessment of air leakage paths through reductive sealing. Building and Environment 2020, 183, 107151 .
AMA StyleVitor E.M. Cardoso, Nuno M.M. Ramos, Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida, Manuela Almeida, Pedro F. Pereira, Martin Prignon. Reliability of quantitative and qualitative assessment of air leakage paths through reductive sealing. Building and Environment. 2020; 183 ():107151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVitor E.M. Cardoso; Nuno M.M. Ramos; Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida; Manuela Almeida; Pedro F. Pereira; Martin Prignon. 2020. "Reliability of quantitative and qualitative assessment of air leakage paths through reductive sealing." Building and Environment 183, no. : 107151.
Building renovation plays a key role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving the climate protection goals. The district scale approach is one of the most effective approaches to accelerate this process of reducing the energy consumption in the building sector as increasing its renovation rates. In this context, the Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme of the IEA, IEA-EBC started in 2017 the project “Annex 75: Cost-Effective Building renovation at District Level Combining Energy Efficiency and Renewables” aiming to explore optimal opportunities of district renovations from a cost-benefit perspective. IEA Annex 75 is a co-operative effort of participants from 13 different countries: Austria, Belgium, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. In this paper, key elements of the methodology developed in Annex 75 project are presented. This methodology aims to facilitate the identification of optimal solutions in different European countries, enabling to explore similarities and differences amongst them, with a particular focus on the balance between energy efficiency measures and renewable energy measures. After a detailed description of the developed methodology, it is also applied to a case study located in Portugal and results obtained are analysed in detail. The paper demonstrates the usefulness of the methodology for evaluating and identifying optimal solutions in renovations at district scale, as well as for successfully addressing the research questions investigated by the Annex 75 project. They also provide some insights regarding the specific case study, showing that, although district systems are not usual in the current Portuguese context, these centralised solutions in renovations at district level are cost-effective interventions that can lead to significant reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and non-renewable primary energy use.
Jon Terés-Zubiaga; Roman Bolliger; Manuela Almeida; Ricardo Barbosa; Jørgen Rose; Kirsten Engelund Thomsen; Eduardo Montero; Raúl Briones-Llorente. Cost-effective building renovation at district level combining energy efficiency & renewables – Methodology assessment proposed in IEA EBC Annex 75 and a demonstration case study. Energy and Buildings 2020, 224, 110280 .
AMA StyleJon Terés-Zubiaga, Roman Bolliger, Manuela Almeida, Ricardo Barbosa, Jørgen Rose, Kirsten Engelund Thomsen, Eduardo Montero, Raúl Briones-Llorente. Cost-effective building renovation at district level combining energy efficiency & renewables – Methodology assessment proposed in IEA EBC Annex 75 and a demonstration case study. Energy and Buildings. 2020; 224 ():110280.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJon Terés-Zubiaga; Roman Bolliger; Manuela Almeida; Ricardo Barbosa; Jørgen Rose; Kirsten Engelund Thomsen; Eduardo Montero; Raúl Briones-Llorente. 2020. "Cost-effective building renovation at district level combining energy efficiency & renewables – Methodology assessment proposed in IEA EBC Annex 75 and a demonstration case study." Energy and Buildings 224, no. : 110280.
An ecological mortar is designed from industrial sub-products, with the objective of utilizing both the slag residues, generated during steel manufacturing processes, and the waste from Polyurethane Foam (PF) panels, generated during refrigerator chamber manufacturing processes. The ecological mortar design involves the dosing of Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag, together with finely ground Polyurethane Foam, cement, and additives. An energy efficient prefabricated block is designed with the mortar, for use in construction, and its energy performance is assessed as a material inserted within the envelope of a service sector (hospital) building, either as an exterior skin, or as an enclosing component within the façade interior. The main contribution of this research is the characterization of the thermo-physical and mechanical properties of a new prefabricated panel made with recycled materials. The full characterization of the properties of these new materials is presented and discussed. The new prefabricated panel demonstrates adequate thermo-mechanical characteristics as a substitute for traditional materials, while improving the sustainability of the building. As a secondary objective, the energy behaviour of the new panels when integrated in a real building is presented by means of a case study simulation. The use of computational thermal simulation confirmed that the properties of the prefabricated block influenced the annual thermal demand of the building for heating and cooling. Improvements to the thermal inertia of the building envelope were also confirmed with the inclusion of PF waste, giving the mortar an energy performance that was similar to conventional materials, in such a way that its use in façade construction may be validated, in addition to its environmental benefits, due to it having been manufactured with critical recycled industrial waste such as EAF slag and PF, thereby contributing to both the circular economy and sustainable development.
Raúl Briones-Llorente; Ricardo Barbosa; Manuela Almeida; Eduardo Atanasio Montero García; Ángel Rodríguez Saiz. Ecological Design of New Efficient Energy-Performance Construction Materials with Rigid Polyurethane Foam Waste. Polymers 2020, 12, 1048 .
AMA StyleRaúl Briones-Llorente, Ricardo Barbosa, Manuela Almeida, Eduardo Atanasio Montero García, Ángel Rodríguez Saiz. Ecological Design of New Efficient Energy-Performance Construction Materials with Rigid Polyurethane Foam Waste. Polymers. 2020; 12 (5):1048.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaúl Briones-Llorente; Ricardo Barbosa; Manuela Almeida; Eduardo Atanasio Montero García; Ángel Rodríguez Saiz. 2020. "Ecological Design of New Efficient Energy-Performance Construction Materials with Rigid Polyurethane Foam Waste." Polymers 12, no. 5: 1048.
This paper uses the dynamic simulation software Transient System Simulation Tool to analyze the benefits of using dynamic electrical-driven glazing to refurbish the windows of historical buildings from an energy, environmental and visual points of view. For the visual analysis, Transient System Simulation Tool and Radiance were coupled. A south oriented office within the Abbey of San Lorenzo ad Septimum, located in Aversa (southern Italy), was considered for the simulations. The simulations were performed considering five window control strategies, two liquid crystal based electrical-driven glazing (able to switch faster than 1 s from an opaque to a transparent state) and two simulation switching times (1 h and 15 min). The simulation results associated with the electric-driven windows were compared to those obtained for a conventional double Low-E glazing window, highlighting that: (i) the use of the examined dynamic glazing can help to improve both the energy efficiency as well as the internal visual comfort, (ii) the effects of the control strategy are strongly related to the thermal and visual characteristics of the dynamic window and (iii) by reducing the switching time of the window, it is possible to improve the energy saving as well as the comfort inside the office.
Michelangelo Scorpio; Giovanni Ciampi; Antonio Rosato; Luigi Maffei; Massimiliano Masullo; Manuela Almeida; Sergio Sibilio. Electric-driven windows for historical buildings retrofit: Energy and visual sensitivity analysis for different control logics. Journal of Building Engineering 2020, 31, 101398 .
AMA StyleMichelangelo Scorpio, Giovanni Ciampi, Antonio Rosato, Luigi Maffei, Massimiliano Masullo, Manuela Almeida, Sergio Sibilio. Electric-driven windows for historical buildings retrofit: Energy and visual sensitivity analysis for different control logics. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 31 ():101398.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichelangelo Scorpio; Giovanni Ciampi; Antonio Rosato; Luigi Maffei; Massimiliano Masullo; Manuela Almeida; Sergio Sibilio. 2020. "Electric-driven windows for historical buildings retrofit: Energy and visual sensitivity analysis for different control logics." Journal of Building Engineering 31, no. : 101398.
A large-scale energy renovation intervention in existing buildings has been consistently presented as the most significant opportunity to contribute to achieving the European targets for 2030 and 2050. One of the key points for such achievement is the cost-effectiveness of the interventions proposed, which is also closely related to decent housing affordability. Prefabricated modular solutions have been pointed out as a pathway, but there are knowledge gaps regarding both its cost-effectiveness and its environmental performance. Considering a social housing multi-family building in Porto, Portugal, as a case study, this research employs energy simulations, a cost-optimal methodology and a life cycle analysis approach to assess the influence of considering embodied energy and emissions in cost-effectiveness calculations. In general terms, the hierarchical relation between calculated renovation scenarios remain identical, as well as the choice of the cost-optimal combination, which can reduce primary energy needs by 226 kWh/(y.m2). However, embodied carbon emissions and embodied energy of the materials used in the calculations, which are indicative of the sustainability of such interventions, increase the energy and carbon emissions associated to each renovation package by an average of 43 kWh/(y.m2) and 9.3 kgCO2eq/(y.m2), respectively.
Manuela Almeida; Ricardo Barbosa; Raphaele Malheiro. Effect of Embodied Energy on Cost-Effectiveness of a Prefabricated Modular Solution on Renovation Scenarios in Social Housing in Porto, Portugal. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1631 .
AMA StyleManuela Almeida, Ricardo Barbosa, Raphaele Malheiro. Effect of Embodied Energy on Cost-Effectiveness of a Prefabricated Modular Solution on Renovation Scenarios in Social Housing in Porto, Portugal. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1631.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuela Almeida; Ricardo Barbosa; Raphaele Malheiro. 2020. "Effect of Embodied Energy on Cost-Effectiveness of a Prefabricated Modular Solution on Renovation Scenarios in Social Housing in Porto, Portugal." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1631.
Public school buildings represent an important share of public buildings in Europe, some of them built several decades ago. In Portugal, there are about 5800 public schools, many of them in free-running conditions, with significant thermal discomfort and without any heating strategy due to economic restrictions. This work studies the Portuguese Brandão school model (from the ‘70 s), which comprises about 100 non-refurbished basic schools. This paper suggests the passive refurbishment of these public schools with some affordable interventions, regarding the climate features and the reduced capacity to support the operating costs. A prototype classroom was prepared in a Brandão school, in Porto. The in situ experimental campaign consisted of temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration and energy consumption measurements. The prototype construction included the improvement of the envelope and of the technical systems. The main goals of this work are: (1) the comparison of the prototype in-service thermal performance in pre-existing conditions and the improvement after the refurbishment in free-running conditions or with some intermittent heating strategies; (2) the establishment of discomfort indexes for the assessment of the discomfort for Mediterranean temperate climate; (3) the quantification of the energy consumption vs discomfort regarding the passive refurbishment strategy and the intermittent heating strategies. When comparing the before and after refurbishment results, the mean daily discomfort indicator has decreased from 34.7 °C.hour to 25.2 °C.hour in free-running conditions and after the refurbishment has decreased from 25.2 °C.hour to 11.9 °C.hour for 3 heating hours strategy and to 2.5 °C.hour for 10 heating hours strategy. There was an expected increase of CO2 inside the classroom for the corresponding months before and after refurbishment, although the mean CO2 was below the required 1500 ppm.
F.C. Barbosa; V.P. de Freitas; M. Almeida. School building experimental characterization in Mediterranean climate regarding comfort, indoor air quality and energy consumption. Energy and Buildings 2020, 212, 109782 .
AMA StyleF.C. Barbosa, V.P. de Freitas, M. Almeida. School building experimental characterization in Mediterranean climate regarding comfort, indoor air quality and energy consumption. Energy and Buildings. 2020; 212 ():109782.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF.C. Barbosa; V.P. de Freitas; M. Almeida. 2020. "School building experimental characterization in Mediterranean climate regarding comfort, indoor air quality and energy consumption." Energy and Buildings 212, no. : 109782.
In the 1970s and 1980s, the effects of pollution in the atmosphere grew from a local to a global scale, affecting the entire planet. Consequently, economic and social issues began to be increasingly more connected with environmental protection. Several measures were taken towards environmental preservation, many of those related to the sustainable construction of buildings. This work intended to make a parallel between comfort indicators among different schools in Brazil, beginning with the specific analyses of schools in Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais, MG), in the Southeast region, and in Macapá (Amapa, AP), in the Amazon or Northern region. This comparison between schools is made to demonstrate the need to adapt methodologies and certifications that promote sustainability in school buildings for each region of Brazil. Questionnaires about ergonomic, thermal, visual and acoustic comfort, and air quality, were applied in two high-school buildings in Juiz de Fora, Academia School and Santa Catarina School, and in two high schools in Macapá, Tiradentes School and Professor Gabriel Almeida Café school, to understand the difference between these two regions of Brazil regarding comfort conditions. A comparison between the results of the four schools was made, proving the necessity of the elaboration of a specific methodology for each Brazilian region.
Tatiana Santos Saraiva; Edson Martins Da Silva; Manuela Almeida; Luís Bragança. Comparative Study of Comfort Indicators for School Constructions in Sustainability Methodologies: Schools in the Amazon and the Southeast Region of Brazil. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5216 .
AMA StyleTatiana Santos Saraiva, Edson Martins Da Silva, Manuela Almeida, Luís Bragança. Comparative Study of Comfort Indicators for School Constructions in Sustainability Methodologies: Schools in the Amazon and the Southeast Region of Brazil. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (19):5216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatiana Santos Saraiva; Edson Martins Da Silva; Manuela Almeida; Luís Bragança. 2019. "Comparative Study of Comfort Indicators for School Constructions in Sustainability Methodologies: Schools in the Amazon and the Southeast Region of Brazil." Sustainability 11, no. 19: 5216.
Sustainable development can be achieved through several activities. The building and construction sector (B & C sector) is one of the major industries, and it can play a crucial role in the improvement of the most relevant environmental impacts. Nowadays, there are major concerns related to sustainability in construction. All types of buildings have different technical aspects; therefore, it is required to develop specific sustainability assessment tools. A school building has peculiarities connected to aspects of sustainability, as it is a building planned to offer adequate environments for the education of adolescents and children. This article shows the application of the SBTool methodology developed specifically for Portuguese high schools, SAHSBPT (Sustainable Assessment for High School Buildings) methodology, that is being elaborated by the first author in her PhD Thesis. This methodology allows architects, engineers and designers to improve sustainability in school buildings, in projects or in the rehabilitation of buildings. The objective of this research is to apply that evaluation tool in order to verify the efficiency of this methodology, as well as to recognize the level of sustainability of the Francisco de Holanda High School Building, in Guimarães, Portugal. The values found in the application of the Sustainable Assessment for High School Buildings in that high schools demonstrate a good result, as the overall value is A, 75% of the total result.
Tatiana Santos Saraiva; Manuela Almeida; Luís Bragança; Maria Teresa Barbosa. Verification of the Adequacy of the Portuguese Sustainability Assessment Tool of High School Buildings, SAHSBPT, to the Francisco de Holanda High School, Guimarães. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4559 .
AMA StyleTatiana Santos Saraiva, Manuela Almeida, Luís Bragança, Maria Teresa Barbosa. Verification of the Adequacy of the Portuguese Sustainability Assessment Tool of High School Buildings, SAHSBPT, to the Francisco de Holanda High School, Guimarães. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (17):4559.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatiana Santos Saraiva; Manuela Almeida; Luís Bragança; Maria Teresa Barbosa. 2019. "Verification of the Adequacy of the Portuguese Sustainability Assessment Tool of High School Buildings, SAHSBPT, to the Francisco de Holanda High School, Guimarães." Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4559.
The European Union objectives in the Horizon 2020 program aim to reduce environmental impact through strategies such as the improvement of energy efficiency and the use of renewable technologies. With regard to the goal of sustainable development—which integrates environmental, social, and economic dimensions relating to the preservation of the planet and the integrity of consumers—several types of sustainability certification tools are currently used in the construction industry e.g., Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), and the Sustainable Building Tool (SBTool) There are international sustainability methodologies designed specifically for high schools and methodologies specific to the Portuguese reality, such as Natura Domus, LiderA (Liderar pelo Ambiente para a construção sustentável, Leading the Environment for Sustainable Construction) and SBtoolPT (Sustainable Building Tool, Portugal). Currently, with the concern in Portugal to requalify schools, it has become necessary to develop a specific methodology for school buildings according to the Portuguese reality. This work highlights the SBTool methodology that is employed in several countries and can be adapted to basic education institutions as the basis for the formulation of responsible citizens and the development of a country. The main aim of this study is to adapt an already existing assessment tool of sustainability (SBToolPT), maintaining some indicators while modifying and adding others, in order to develop a methodology specifically for conducting a Sustainability Assessment of High School Buildings in Portugal—SAHSBPT. In order to achieve this goal, other methodologies that already incorporate parameters relating to the school environment are analyzed, such as LEED BD + C Schools (LEED Building Design and Construction School), BREEAM Education 2008, and the SBTool for K–12 schools.
Tatiana Santos Saraiva; Manuela De Almeida; Luís Bragança. Adaptation of the SBTool for Sustainability Assessment of High School Buildings in Portugal—SAHSBPT. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 2664 .
AMA StyleTatiana Santos Saraiva, Manuela De Almeida, Luís Bragança. Adaptation of the SBTool for Sustainability Assessment of High School Buildings in Portugal—SAHSBPT. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (13):2664.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatiana Santos Saraiva; Manuela De Almeida; Luís Bragança. 2019. "Adaptation of the SBTool for Sustainability Assessment of High School Buildings in Portugal—SAHSBPT." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13: 2664.
This paper examines the thermal and luminous performance of single-glazed windows with and without solar control films (SCFs) and a venetian blind in actual working conditions. SCF is a passive solution to modify the solar-optical properties of glazing systems, in order to reduce the solar gains and the energy use and to increase the indoor comfort conditions. An experimental campaign was carried out simultaneously in both cooling and heating seasons in two similar office rooms, one with a SCF applied on the internal surface of the glass and the other without any SCF. The experimental data was used to calibrate a model in EnergyPlus and to assess the energy performance of several SCFs with different thermal and optical characteristics for different orientations of the façade. A decision-making framework was applied to identify the potential use of SFCs as retrofitting solutions for single-glazed windows based on energy performance criteria. The results show that SCFs have a real impact in reducing the cooling energy use for South, East and West solar orientations (SCFs with low solar transmittance coefficients show reductions of the cooling energy use up to 86%) due to the reduction of solar gains, while there is an increase in the heating and lighting energy use.
Júlia Pereira; M. Glória Gomes; A. Moret Rodrigues; Manuela Almeida. Thermal, luminous and energy performance of solar control films in single-glazed windows: Use of energy performance criteria to support decision making. Energy and Buildings 2019, 198, 431 -443.
AMA StyleJúlia Pereira, M. Glória Gomes, A. Moret Rodrigues, Manuela Almeida. Thermal, luminous and energy performance of solar control films in single-glazed windows: Use of energy performance criteria to support decision making. Energy and Buildings. 2019; 198 ():431-443.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJúlia Pereira; M. Glória Gomes; A. Moret Rodrigues; Manuela Almeida. 2019. "Thermal, luminous and energy performance of solar control films in single-glazed windows: Use of energy performance criteria to support decision making." Energy and Buildings 198, no. : 431-443.
A major challenge our society faces today is the energy consumption of buildings. Building stock is responsible for about 40% of energy consumption worldwide. The same applies to Kosovo, where a large number of houses are poorly weatherized and inefficient in terms of energy consumption. Most of the energy consumption in the household sector in Kosovo is dedicated to the needs for heating purposes. Furthermore, many of these houses use wood or coal for heating, releasing a lot of gases in the air and so contributing to an increased air pollution both indoors and outdoors. The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture at the University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina” aims to address the issue of energy efficiency for these houses. Specifically, in this study we intend to evaluate various retrofit measures applicable in the country for typical masonry houses and identify the cost-efficient solution. This paper reports the initial results of the study and discusses related challenges.
Egzon Bajraktari; Violeta Nushi; Manuela Almeida. Cost efficiency of retrofit measures for typical masonry houses in Kosovo. International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2019, 10, 87 -91.
AMA StyleEgzon Bajraktari, Violeta Nushi, Manuela Almeida. Cost efficiency of retrofit measures for typical masonry houses in Kosovo. International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering. 2019; 10 (1):87-91.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEgzon Bajraktari; Violeta Nushi; Manuela Almeida. 2019. "Cost efficiency of retrofit measures for typical masonry houses in Kosovo." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 10, no. 1: 87-91.
While facing increasingly strict regulations regarding energy efficiency, the construction sector should also adopt sustainable solutions in terms of new constructions and renovations of buildings. In particular, energy renovation of existing buildings has specific technical and economic constraints that are generally addressed through implementation of new materials and building integrated systems, whose environmental impact should be considered when assessing the most adequate solution. Within the context of the More-Connect Project, which aims to develop modular prefabricated solutions for energy renovation of buildings, several renovation scenarios for a pilot building in Portugal were assessed using a methodology to compare the cost-effectiveness of renovation measures. The article explores the use of lifecycle assessment to analyse the effect of considering embodied primary energy in cost-effectiveness calculations.
Manuela Almeida; Ricardo Barbosa; Raphaele Malheiro. Effect of environmental assessment on primary energy of modular prefabricated panel for building renovation in Portugal. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019, 225, 012047 .
AMA StyleManuela Almeida, Ricardo Barbosa, Raphaele Malheiro. Effect of environmental assessment on primary energy of modular prefabricated panel for building renovation in Portugal. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 225 (1):012047.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuela Almeida; Ricardo Barbosa; Raphaele Malheiro. 2019. "Effect of environmental assessment on primary energy of modular prefabricated panel for building renovation in Portugal." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 225, no. 1: 012047.
The growing debate about global environmental problems is evident in several spheres of society. The concern for the future of the planet is used as a political slogan, inspiring the creation of new laws and encouraging academic research that serves this purpose, as well as increasing the number of government agencies concerned with this matter. The 21st century is considered the “century of sustainable development”. Sustainability education in high schools has the potential to make the benefits of civil construction more visible to society and media by showing students, parents, and communities in general how sustainability in the built environment can improve their lives in economic, social, and environmental aspects. This study was applied in three high schools of Juiz de Fora (Brazil) and Guimarães (Portugal). These high schools have similar characteristics regarding teaching patterns and commitment to strengthening sustainability in their respective regions and reflect their socio-economic conditions, governmental strategies, everyday habits, and cultural attributes. The information was collected through questionnaires applied to high school students in 2017. This paper shows the need for including an indicator of sustainability awareness in sustainability assessment tools for high school buildings.
Tatiana Santos Saraiva; Manuela Almeida; Luís Bragança; Maria Teresa Barbosa. The Inclusion of a Sustainability Awareness Indicator in Assessment Tools for High School Buildings. Sustainability 2019, 11, 387 .
AMA StyleTatiana Santos Saraiva, Manuela Almeida, Luís Bragança, Maria Teresa Barbosa. The Inclusion of a Sustainability Awareness Indicator in Assessment Tools for High School Buildings. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (2):387.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatiana Santos Saraiva; Manuela Almeida; Luís Bragança; Maria Teresa Barbosa. 2019. "The Inclusion of a Sustainability Awareness Indicator in Assessment Tools for High School Buildings." Sustainability 11, no. 2: 387.
Adequate supply of fresh outdoor air is important to create healthy and comfortable indoor building environments. Currently, most of the residential buildings in mild climate European countries, such as Portugal or Spain, remain naturally ventilated. Distinct concerns have emerged in the building community regarding the indoor air quality (IAQ) in these buildings since several studies have shown that they are often poorly ventilated. The main cause has been identified as occupants' different window opening behavior, which can vary notably from one apartment to the next. This work presents a comparative method for evaluating occupants' exposure to CO2 concentration levels in existing buildings based on the comparison of cumulative frequency distribution curves. Indoor CO2 concentration levels recorded over 17 months in the bedrooms and living rooms of eight apartments of a naturally ventilated residential building located in Porto (Portugal) were used as experimental input data for developing the method and to calibrate the IAQ performance of an EnergyPlus building model. The calibrated building model exhibited a good agreement with the recorded data on the apartments, reporting maximum Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) for the majority of the apartments below 5 and 10% for the living rooms and bedrooms, respectively.
J.F. Belmonte; Ricardo Barbosa; Manuela Almeida. CO2 concentrations in a multifamily building in Porto, Portugal: Occupants' exposure and differential performance of mechanical ventilation control strategies. Journal of Building Engineering 2019, 23, 114 -126.
AMA StyleJ.F. Belmonte, Ricardo Barbosa, Manuela Almeida. CO2 concentrations in a multifamily building in Porto, Portugal: Occupants' exposure and differential performance of mechanical ventilation control strategies. Journal of Building Engineering. 2019; 23 ():114-126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ.F. Belmonte; Ricardo Barbosa; Manuela Almeida. 2019. "CO2 concentrations in a multifamily building in Porto, Portugal: Occupants' exposure and differential performance of mechanical ventilation control strategies." Journal of Building Engineering 23, no. : 114-126.
In European countries, buildings are the major energy consumers due to the general low energy performance of the existing building stock. To achieve the ambitioned targets for emissions reduction, it will be necessary to take actions for its large scale renovation. However, today's standards are mainly focused on new buildings, guiding the improvement of the energy performance of the existing buildings into expensive processes and complex procedures that seldom are accepted by users, owners or promoters. For these buildings, the range of technical solutions is shorter and may lead to ancillary works that result in a relevant increase in costs. In this context, the IEA EBC Programme launched the Annex56 project, with the goal of investigating solutions and produce guidance suitable for European residential buildings, taking into consideration not only the benefits related to energy and emissions reduction, but also the added value resulting from the renovation process. Considering the goal of reducing emissions, measures that promote the use of renewable energy can be as effective as energy efficiency measures, therefore, it is important to determine the optimal balance between the minimization of energy demand and the use of renewable energy. The optimization process has to explore the full range of cost-effective reduction of emissions and energy use and also to take into account the additional benefits and the overall added value achieved by the building within the renovation process as well as the increasing relevance of the embodied energy associated to the materials and systems used in the interventions.
Manuela Almeida; Marco Ferreira. Ten questions concerning cost-effective energy and carbon emissions optimization in building renovation. Building and Environment 2018, 143, 15 -23.
AMA StyleManuela Almeida, Marco Ferreira. Ten questions concerning cost-effective energy and carbon emissions optimization in building renovation. Building and Environment. 2018; 143 ():15-23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuela Almeida; Marco Ferreira. 2018. "Ten questions concerning cost-effective energy and carbon emissions optimization in building renovation." Building and Environment 143, no. : 15-23.
The construction sector is facing increasingly strict energy efficiency regulations. Existing buildings have specific technical, functional and economic constraints, which, in fulfilling regulations, could lead to costly and complex renovation procedures and also lead to missed opportunities for improving their energy performance. In this article, the methodology for comparing cost-optimality in building renovations, developed in the International Energy Agency (IEA)–Energy in Buildings and Communities (EBC) Annex 56 project, is extended with a life cycle assessment by including embodied primary energy and carbon emissions in the calculations. The objective is to understand the relevance of embodied energy and carbon emissions in the evaluation of the cost effectiveness of building renovation solutions towards nearly zero energy buildings, as well as the effect of the embodied values in the achievable carbon emissions and primary energy reductions expected in an energy renovation. Results from six case studies, representative of different regions in Europe, suggest that embodied values of energy and carbon emissions have a decreasing effect—ranging from 2 to 32%—on the potential reductions of energy and emissions that can be achieved with renovation measures in buildings. In addition, the consideration of the embodied energy and carbon emissions does not affect the ranking of the renovation packages.
Manuela Almeida; Marco Ferreira; Ricardo Barbosa. Relevance of Embodied Energy and Carbon Emissions on Assessing Cost Effectiveness in Building Renovation—Contribution from the Analysis of Case Studies in Six European Countries. Buildings 2018, 8, 103 .
AMA StyleManuela Almeida, Marco Ferreira, Ricardo Barbosa. Relevance of Embodied Energy and Carbon Emissions on Assessing Cost Effectiveness in Building Renovation—Contribution from the Analysis of Case Studies in Six European Countries. Buildings. 2018; 8 (8):103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuela Almeida; Marco Ferreira; Ricardo Barbosa. 2018. "Relevance of Embodied Energy and Carbon Emissions on Assessing Cost Effectiveness in Building Renovation—Contribution from the Analysis of Case Studies in Six European Countries." Buildings 8, no. 8: 103.