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Knowing the properties of vernacular materials is crucial to heritage conservation and to develop innovative solutions. Reed, considered to be a carbon-neutral and a carbon dioxide sink material, has been used for centuries for diverse uses. Its high availability and properties made it a popular building material, including in Portuguese vernacular architecture. An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the physical performance, thermal performance, and durability of the reed found in Portugal since the characterisation of this material was not found in previous studies. The influence of geometric characteristics and the presence of nodes on these properties were also analysed, and the results showed that they are irrelevant. The studied reeds were found to have an adequate thermal performance to be used as thermal insulation. Their thermal resistance (1.8 m2·°C/W) and thermal conductivity (0.06 W/m·°C) are under the requirements defined by Portuguese regulations on thermal insulation materials. Overall, the physical characteristics (moisture content, density, and retraction) are compatible to its use in the construction. Concerning durability, there was only a trend for mould growth in particular environments. The results provide valuable data to be considered in the development of new construction products based on this natural and renewable material. Additionally, considering the studied samples, the reed found in Portugal has characteristics suitable for use as a building material, especially as a thermal insulation material.
Raphaele Malheiro; Adriana Ansolin; Christiane Guarnier; Jorge Fernandes; Maria Amorim; Sandra Silva; Ricardo Mateus. The Potential of the Reed as a Regenerative Building Material—Characterisation of Its Durability, Physical, and Thermal Performances. Energies 2021, 14, 4276 .
AMA StyleRaphaele Malheiro, Adriana Ansolin, Christiane Guarnier, Jorge Fernandes, Maria Amorim, Sandra Silva, Ricardo Mateus. The Potential of the Reed as a Regenerative Building Material—Characterisation of Its Durability, Physical, and Thermal Performances. Energies. 2021; 14 (14):4276.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaphaele Malheiro; Adriana Ansolin; Christiane Guarnier; Jorge Fernandes; Maria Amorim; Sandra Silva; Ricardo Mateus. 2021. "The Potential of the Reed as a Regenerative Building Material—Characterisation of Its Durability, Physical, and Thermal Performances." Energies 14, no. 14: 4276.
The palafitic timber constructions of the central Portuguese coastline are an example of the adaptation to site-specific conditions (climate and sand landscape morphodynamics) using the available endogenous resources. Thus, in a context of environmental awareness and climate change, it is relevant to understand their features/strategies and how they perform. This work analyses the energy performance and thermal condition evaluation of a vernacular timber building–palheiro–from Praia de Mira, through in situ measurements, subjective analysis and energy simulation provided by DesignBuilder/EnergyPlus. The results show a good or satisfactory thermal performance during most of the seasons by passive means only. Despite, it was not possible to guarantee thermal comfort conditions for the occupants during winter. In the energy performance analysis, five scenarios, with different external walls, were compared. In the two scenarios that satisfy the maximum U-value for the climate zone, the current conventional building had a slightly better performance on heating and cooling (less 1.1 and 1.4 kWh/m2, respectively) than the timber building. However, the difference between the two construction solutions is not substantial in the annual energy demand (2.5 kWh/m2, 7.3%), indicating that timber structures are suitable in this mild climate area.
Jorge Fernandes; Ricardo Mateus; Helena Gervásio; Sandra Silva; Jorge Branco; Manuela Almeida. Thermal Performance and Comfort Conditions Analysis of a Vernacular Palafitic Timber Building in Portuguese Coastline Context. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10484 .
AMA StyleJorge Fernandes, Ricardo Mateus, Helena Gervásio, Sandra Silva, Jorge Branco, Manuela Almeida. Thermal Performance and Comfort Conditions Analysis of a Vernacular Palafitic Timber Building in Portuguese Coastline Context. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10484.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Fernandes; Ricardo Mateus; Helena Gervásio; Sandra Silva; Jorge Branco; Manuela Almeida. 2020. "Thermal Performance and Comfort Conditions Analysis of a Vernacular Palafitic Timber Building in Portuguese Coastline Context." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10484.
The present research is focused on an experimental investigation to evaluate the mechanical, durability, and thermal performance of compressed earth blocks (CEBs) produced in Portugal. CEBs were analysed in terms of electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength, total water absorption, water absorption by capillarity, accelerated erosion test, and thermal transmittance evaluated in a guarded hotbox setup apparatus. Overall, the results showed that compressed earth blocks presented good mechanical and durability properties. Still, they had some issues in terms of porosity due to the particle size distribution of soil used for their production. The compressive strength value obtained was 9 MPa, which is considerably higher than the minimum requirements for compressed earth blocks. Moreover, they presented a heat transfer coefficient of 2.66 W/(m2·K). This heat transfer coefficient means that this type of masonry unit cannot be used in the building envelope without an additional thermal insulation layer but shows that they are suitable to be used in partition walls. Although CEBs have promising characteristics when compared to conventional bricks, results also showed that their proprieties could even be improved if optimisation of the soil mixture is implemented.
Elisabete Teixeira; Gilberto Machado; Adilson P. Junior; Christiane Guarnier; Jorge Fernandes; Sandra Silva; Ricardo Mateus. Mechanical and Thermal Performance Characterisation of Compressed Earth Blocks. Energies 2020, 13, 2978 .
AMA StyleElisabete Teixeira, Gilberto Machado, Adilson P. Junior, Christiane Guarnier, Jorge Fernandes, Sandra Silva, Ricardo Mateus. Mechanical and Thermal Performance Characterisation of Compressed Earth Blocks. Energies. 2020; 13 (11):2978.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisabete Teixeira; Gilberto Machado; Adilson P. Junior; Christiane Guarnier; Jorge Fernandes; Sandra Silva; Ricardo Mateus. 2020. "Mechanical and Thermal Performance Characterisation of Compressed Earth Blocks." Energies 13, no. 11: 2978.
The increase in global environmental problems requires more environmentally efficient construction. Vernacular passive strategies can play an important role in helping reducing energy use and CO2 emissions related to buildings. This paper studies the use of glazed balconies in the North of Portugal as a strategy to capture solar gains and reduce heat losses. The purpose is understanding thermal performance and comfort conditions provided by this passive heating strategy. The methodology includes objective (short and long-term monitoring), to evaluate the different parameters affecting thermal comfort and air quality, and subjective assessments to assess occupants’ perception regarding thermal sensation. The results show that the use of glazed balconies as a passive heating strategy in a climate with cold winters is viable. During the mid-seasons, the rooms with balcony have adequate comfort conditions. In the heating season, it is possible to achieve comfort conditions in sunny days while in the cooling season there is a risk of overheating. Regarding indoor air quality, carbon dioxide concentrations were low, but the average radon concentration measured was high when the building was unoccupied, rapidly decreasing to acceptable values, during occupation periods when a minimum ventilation rate was promoted. Occupants’ actions were essential to improving building behavior.
Jorge Fernandes; Raphaele Malheiro; Maria De Fátima Castro; Helena Gervásio; Sandra Monteiro Silva; Ricardo Mateus. Thermal Performance and Comfort Condition Analysis in a Vernacular Building with a Glazed Balcony. Energies 2020, 13, 624 .
AMA StyleJorge Fernandes, Raphaele Malheiro, Maria De Fátima Castro, Helena Gervásio, Sandra Monteiro Silva, Ricardo Mateus. Thermal Performance and Comfort Condition Analysis in a Vernacular Building with a Glazed Balcony. Energies. 2020; 13 (3):624.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Fernandes; Raphaele Malheiro; Maria De Fátima Castro; Helena Gervásio; Sandra Monteiro Silva; Ricardo Mateus. 2020. "Thermal Performance and Comfort Condition Analysis in a Vernacular Building with a Glazed Balcony." Energies 13, no. 3: 624.
Vernacular architecture has developed several passive strategies to respond to specific climate conditions. In the last few decades, vernacular architecture has been the subject of several qualitative and quantitative studies on the scope of sustainability. The results showed that they have the potential to reduce the energy demand from nonrenewable sources during the operation stage. This article analyzes the effectiveness of passive strategies in the thermal performance of a rammed earth building located in southern Portugal, considering the adaptive model of comfort. The results showed that it is possible to achieve good thermal performance during summer by passive means only.
Jorge Fernandes; Sandra Monteiro da Silva; Ricardo Mateus; Elisabete R. Teixeira. Analysis of the Thermal Performance and Comfort Conditions of Vernacular Rammed Earth Architecture From Southern Portugal. Encyclopedia of Renewable and Sustainable Materials 2019, 1 -10.
AMA StyleJorge Fernandes, Sandra Monteiro da Silva, Ricardo Mateus, Elisabete R. Teixeira. Analysis of the Thermal Performance and Comfort Conditions of Vernacular Rammed Earth Architecture From Southern Portugal. Encyclopedia of Renewable and Sustainable Materials. 2019; ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Fernandes; Sandra Monteiro da Silva; Ricardo Mateus; Elisabete R. Teixeira. 2019. "Analysis of the Thermal Performance and Comfort Conditions of Vernacular Rammed Earth Architecture From Southern Portugal." Encyclopedia of Renewable and Sustainable Materials , no. : 1-10.
In Portugal, there is a lack of quantitative studies on the thermal performance of earthen buildings. This paper aims at contributing to this research context by studying site-specific strategies, and the thermal performance and comfort conditions of a rammed earth building located in southern Portugal. The study is based on objective and subjective assessments and consists of assessing the hygrothermal conditions, thermal comfort levels and analysing the occupants’ perception regarding thermal sensation. The results showed that the strategies used are closely related to local conditions, mitigating the effects of high summer temperatures and ensuring a good summer thermal performance by passive means alone. During the summer monitoring, results showed that the building stayed most of the time (80%) in Category I (high level of expectation) and the remaining time in Category II, according to the classification method defined by the standard EN15251. During the winter period, the building had the worst performance, being necessary a heating system to guarantee comfort conditions. Additionally, the results showed that the good thermal performance of the case study depended more on the high thermal inertia than on the U-value of the envelope. Limitations and advantages of the use of earthen construction elements are discussed.
Jorge Fernandes; Ricardo Mateus; Helena Gervásio; Sandra M. Silva; Luís Bragança. Passive strategies used in Southern Portugal vernacular rammed earth buildings and their influence in thermal performance. Renewable Energy 2019, 142, 345 -363.
AMA StyleJorge Fernandes, Ricardo Mateus, Helena Gervásio, Sandra M. Silva, Luís Bragança. Passive strategies used in Southern Portugal vernacular rammed earth buildings and their influence in thermal performance. Renewable Energy. 2019; 142 ():345-363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Fernandes; Ricardo Mateus; Helena Gervásio; Sandra M. Silva; Luís Bragança. 2019. "Passive strategies used in Southern Portugal vernacular rammed earth buildings and their influence in thermal performance." Renewable Energy 142, no. : 345-363.
Nowadays, in the European Union (EU) the construction rate of new buildings is very low and therefore achieving the EU targets regarding the energy efficiency of the building sector is only possible through the reduction of the energy needs of the existing building stock. A building design based on passive measures is a priority to reduce operational energy consumption but it is not enough to achieve the nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) level. Consequently, the design must also consider active systems with high efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources to partially/totally replace the use of non-renewable energy. At this level, solar thermal and photovoltaic panels play an important role, mainly in countries with high levels of solar radiation, as in the Southern European countries. Nevertheless, there are still some barriers to overcome for the broader dissemination of the implementation of these systems. One of the most important is that building owners are not fully aware of the life cycle benefits that these systems have at environmental and economic levels. The best way to raise awareness to these benefits is through the analysis of case studies, highlighting the short or mid-term benefits resulting from the integration of these active solutions. Thus, this paper is aimed at analysing the environmental and life cycle costs of different energy renovation scenarios, assessing the contribution of the solar systems to achieve three levels of energy performance. The study is focused on the energy renovation of a detached single-family house considering the climatic conditions of Porto, Portugal. From the results, it is possible to conclude that, on an annual basis, and for the Portuguese climate, it is possible to overcome, many of the energy needs for acclimatization and preparation of domestic hot water with the integration of these systems. The study also shows attractive economic and carbon payback times resulting from their use.
Ricardo Mateus; Sandra Monteiro da Silva; Manuela Guedes de Almeida. Environmental and cost life cycle analysis of the impact of using solar systems in energy renovation of Southern European single-family buildings. Renewable Energy 2018, 137, 82 -92.
AMA StyleRicardo Mateus, Sandra Monteiro da Silva, Manuela Guedes de Almeida. Environmental and cost life cycle analysis of the impact of using solar systems in energy renovation of Southern European single-family buildings. Renewable Energy. 2018; 137 ():82-92.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRicardo Mateus; Sandra Monteiro da Silva; Manuela Guedes de Almeida. 2018. "Environmental and cost life cycle analysis of the impact of using solar systems in energy renovation of Southern European single-family buildings." Renewable Energy 137, no. : 82-92.
The recast of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive settle that all new buildings should reach nearly zero energy levels by 2020 (2018 for buildings owned or occupied by public authorities). Therefore, technicians involved in building design, management and approval should be able to understand and apply nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) concepts in both new buildings and renovation of existing ones. At European Union (EU) level there are large differences in commitment to the EU targets and the construction of nZEB between countries. It is thus urgent to develop studies to demonstrate the advantages of the nZEB and ZEB design process, increasing the awareness of both building clients and other stakeholders regarding this issue. In this context, the aim of this paper is to assess the energy and environmental life cycle performance of different renovation scenarios (Basic Renovation, nZEB and ZEB) for multifamily buildings in Portugal. This will be focused on the goals of the nZEB and ZEB design process and on the contribution of solar systems (solar thermal collectors, STCs, and photovoltaic panels, PVs) in the achievement of those goals. The results presented in this paper show that, in the Portuguese climate and for a typical multifamily building, it is possible to overcome 100% of the energy needs for acclimatization and domestic hot water (DHW) preparation with the integration of solar systems. From our results, it is also possible to conclude that a significant amount of energy and carbon emissions are avoided for every renovation scenario during the considered lifetime (30 years) and that the nZEB and ZEB scenarios are cost-effective with attractive payback times.
Sandra Monteiro Silva; Ricardo Mateus; Luís Marques; Marta Ramos; Manuela Almeida. Contribution of the solar systems to the nZEB and ZEB design concept in Portugal – Energy, economics and environmental life cycle analysis. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2016, 156, 59 -74.
AMA StyleSandra Monteiro Silva, Ricardo Mateus, Luís Marques, Marta Ramos, Manuela Almeida. Contribution of the solar systems to the nZEB and ZEB design concept in Portugal – Energy, economics and environmental life cycle analysis. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 2016; 156 ():59-74.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandra Monteiro Silva; Ricardo Mateus; Luís Marques; Marta Ramos; Manuela Almeida. 2016. "Contribution of the solar systems to the nZEB and ZEB design concept in Portugal – Energy, economics and environmental life cycle analysis." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 156, no. : 59-74.
Solar passive strategies that have been developed in vernacular architecture from different regions are a response to specific climate effects. These strategies are usually simple, low-tech and have low potential environmental impact. For this reason, several studies highlight them as having potential to reduce the demands of non-renewable energy for buildings operation. In this paper, the climatic contrast between northern and southern parts of mainland Portugal is presented, namely the regions of Beira Alta and Alentejo. Additionally, it discusses the contribution of different climate-responsive strategies developed in vernacular architecture from both regions to assure thermal comfort conditions. In Beira Alta, the use of glazed balconies as a strategy to capture solar gains is usual, while in Alentejo the focus is on passive cooling strategies. To understand the effectiveness of these strategies, thermal performances and comfort conditions of two case studies were evaluated based on the adaptive comfort model. Field tests included measurement of hygrothermal parameters and surveys on occupants’ thermal sensation. From the results, it has been found that the case studies have shown a good thermal performance by passive means alone and that the occupants feel comfortable, except during winter where there is the need to use simple heating systems.
Jorge Fernandes; Carlos Pimenta; Ricardo Mateus; Sandra Monteiro Silva; Luís Bragança. Contribution of Portuguese Vernacular Building Strategies to Indoor Thermal Comfort and Occupants’ Perception. Buildings 2015, 5, 1242 -1264.
AMA StyleJorge Fernandes, Carlos Pimenta, Ricardo Mateus, Sandra Monteiro Silva, Luís Bragança. Contribution of Portuguese Vernacular Building Strategies to Indoor Thermal Comfort and Occupants’ Perception. Buildings. 2015; 5 (4):1242-1264.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Fernandes; Carlos Pimenta; Ricardo Mateus; Sandra Monteiro Silva; Luís Bragança. 2015. "Contribution of Portuguese Vernacular Building Strategies to Indoor Thermal Comfort and Occupants’ Perception." Buildings 5, no. 4: 1242-1264.
Available online 2014Building-Integrated (BI) solar thermal are systems which are integrated into the building, they are a new tendency in the building sector and they provide multiple advantages in comparison with the Building-Added (BA) solar thermal configurations. The present investigation is a critical review about Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) studies of solar systems. Emphasis is given on the BI solar thermal installations while studies about BA configurations as well as about solar systems which produce electrical (or electrical/thermal) energy are also presented in order to have a more complete overview of the current literature. The influence of the BI solar thermal systems on building environmental profile is also examined. Critical issues such as ongoing standardization and environmental indicators are discussed. The results reveal that there is a gap in the field of LCA about real BI solar thermal (and solar thermal/electrical) installations. Thus, there is a need for more LCA studies which examine the BI solar thermal system itself as well as for studies which examine the solar system in conjunction with the building. Active systems which could provide energy for the building would be interesting to be investigated. Concentrating solar systems and alternative Photovoltaic cell technologies with low environmental impact could be also examined. Finally, investigations about the influence of the BI solar thermal systems on building life-cycle performance could also provide useful information for the design of future solar buildings in the frame of a more sustainable built environment
Chr. Lamnatou; Daniel Chemisana; R. Mateus; M.G. Almeida; Sandra Monteiro da Silva. Review and perspectives on Life Cycle Analysis of solar technologies with emphasis on building-integrated solar thermal systems. Renewable Energy 2015, 75, 833 -846.
AMA StyleChr. Lamnatou, Daniel Chemisana, R. Mateus, M.G. Almeida, Sandra Monteiro da Silva. Review and perspectives on Life Cycle Analysis of solar technologies with emphasis on building-integrated solar thermal systems. Renewable Energy. 2015; 75 ():833-846.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChr. Lamnatou; Daniel Chemisana; R. Mateus; M.G. Almeida; Sandra Monteiro da Silva. 2015. "Review and perspectives on Life Cycle Analysis of solar technologies with emphasis on building-integrated solar thermal systems." Renewable Energy 75, no. : 833-846.
The recast of the European Union's Energy Performance of Buildings Directive introduced the concept of nearly zero-energy buildings, requiring its adoption from 2021 by all new buildings and existing ones submitted to major renovations. European Union member states must also ensure minimum energy requirements for buildings in order to achieve cost-optimal levels during their life cycle. Cost optimality and nearly zero-energy buildings are important concepts in European Union energy policies. These concepts are related, but one is more focused on costs, while the other is more concerned with low energy consumption and on site-renewable energy harvesting. If these approaches result in major differences in the selection of the best package of retrofit measures, then the transition from the cost-optimal concept to nearly zero-energy buildings might be problematic. To assess the most cost-effective solutions to achieve net-zero, a building in Porto, Portugal, was analysed. This determined not only the most cost-effective retrofit solutions but also compared these net-zero solutions with those resulting from the cost-optimal calculation. Both approaches lead to similar results, indicating that the transition between ‘cost optimality’ to ‘nearly zero-energy buildings’ could occur in Portugal.
Marco Ferreira; Manuela Guedes De Almeida; Ana Rodrigues; Sandra Monteiro da Silva. Comparing cost-optimal and net-zero energy targets in building retrofit. Building Research & Information 2014, 44, 188 -201.
AMA StyleMarco Ferreira, Manuela Guedes De Almeida, Ana Rodrigues, Sandra Monteiro da Silva. Comparing cost-optimal and net-zero energy targets in building retrofit. Building Research & Information. 2014; 44 (2):188-201.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Ferreira; Manuela Guedes De Almeida; Ana Rodrigues; Sandra Monteiro da Silva. 2014. "Comparing cost-optimal and net-zero energy targets in building retrofit." Building Research & Information 44, no. 2: 188-201.
The bond behavior between FRP composites and masonry substrate plays an important role in the performance of externally bonded reinforced masonry structures. Therefore, monitoring the bond quality during the application and subsequent service life of a structure is of crucial importance for execution control and structural health monitoring. The bond quality can change during the service life of the structure due to environmental conditions. Local detachments may occur at the FRP/substrate interface, affecting the bond performance to a large extent. Therefore, the use of expedite and efficient non-destructive techniques for assessment of the bond quality and monitoring FRP delamination is of much interest. Active infrared thermography (IR) technique was used in this study for assessing the bond quality in environmentally degraded FRP-strengthened masonry elements. The applicability and accuracy of the adopted method was initially validated by localization and size quantification of artificially embedded defects in FRP-strengthened brick specimens. Then, the method was used for investigating the appearance and progression of FRP delaminations due to environmental conditions. GFRP-strengthened brick specimens were exposed to accelerated hygrothermal ageing tests and inspected periodically with the IR camera. The results showed environmental exposure may produce large progressive FRP delaminations.
Bahman Ghiassi; Sandra Monteiro da Silva; Daniel Oliveira; Paulo Lourenco; Luís Bragança. FRP-to-Masonry Bond Durability Assessment with Infrared Thermography Method. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation 2014, 33, 427 -437.
AMA StyleBahman Ghiassi, Sandra Monteiro da Silva, Daniel Oliveira, Paulo Lourenco, Luís Bragança. FRP-to-Masonry Bond Durability Assessment with Infrared Thermography Method. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation. 2014; 33 (3):427-437.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBahman Ghiassi; Sandra Monteiro da Silva; Daniel Oliveira; Paulo Lourenco; Luís Bragança. 2014. "FRP-to-Masonry Bond Durability Assessment with Infrared Thermography Method." Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation 33, no. 3: 427-437.
The implementation of energy efficiency measures into the existing building stock is essential to meet the 2020 targets set by the European Union (EU) Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and reinforced with the “EPBD-recast”. Thus, energy refurbishment of existing buildings is fundamental to achieve these goals. However, energy issues should not be the only concerns since the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is also as important. When planning a building retrofit it is then necessary to consider the energy efficiency requirements as well as the IEQ. To do so, the main problems of the existing buildings should be identified. This work presents a study carried out in a large office building to identify the main pathologies related to the energy efficiency and to the IEQ. The main objective of this study was to characterize the actual situation of a building that represents a great number of the Portuguese office buildings in order to identify the principal problems that occurs in this type of buildings, to support the development of a refurbishment project of the building that can optimize both the energy efficiency and the relevant parameters to the IEQ and that are also solutions with potential to be used in other buildings.
Sandra Monteiro da Silva; Pedro P. Silva; Manuela Almeida; Luís Bragança. Operative Conditions Evaluation for Efficient Building Retrofit—A Case Study. Indoor and Built Environment 2012, 22, 724 -742.
AMA StyleSandra Monteiro da Silva, Pedro P. Silva, Manuela Almeida, Luís Bragança. Operative Conditions Evaluation for Efficient Building Retrofit—A Case Study. Indoor and Built Environment. 2012; 22 (5):724-742.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandra Monteiro da Silva; Pedro P. Silva; Manuela Almeida; Luís Bragança. 2012. "Operative Conditions Evaluation for Efficient Building Retrofit—A Case Study." Indoor and Built Environment 22, no. 5: 724-742.
Sandra Monteiro Da Silva; Manuela Almeida. Using a Multi-Criteria Analysis to Select Design Alternatives Aiming the Energy Efficiency and IEQ. Proceedings of the EuroSun 2010 Conference 2010, 1 -8.
AMA StyleSandra Monteiro Da Silva, Manuela Almeida. Using a Multi-Criteria Analysis to Select Design Alternatives Aiming the Energy Efficiency and IEQ. Proceedings of the EuroSun 2010 Conference. 2010; ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandra Monteiro Da Silva; Manuela Almeida. 2010. "Using a Multi-Criteria Analysis to Select Design Alternatives Aiming the Energy Efficiency and IEQ." Proceedings of the EuroSun 2010 Conference , no. : 1-8.
Pedro Pereira Da Silva; Sandra Monteiro da Silva; Manuela Almeida; Luís Bragança. Portuguese EPBD-Based Regulation Put Side by Side with Energy-Simulation Tools. Proceedings of the EuroSun 2010 Conference 2010, 1 -8.
AMA StylePedro Pereira Da Silva, Sandra Monteiro da Silva, Manuela Almeida, Luís Bragança. Portuguese EPBD-Based Regulation Put Side by Side with Energy-Simulation Tools. Proceedings of the EuroSun 2010 Conference. 2010; ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Pereira Da Silva; Sandra Monteiro da Silva; Manuela Almeida; Luís Bragança. 2010. "Portuguese EPBD-Based Regulation Put Side by Side with Energy-Simulation Tools." Proceedings of the EuroSun 2010 Conference , no. : 1-8.
Andreia Macedo; Ricardo Mateus; Sandra Monteiro da Silva. Avaliação da Sustentabilidade de Soluções de Reabilitação Energética para Coberturas de um Edifício de Habitação. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAndreia Macedo, Ricardo Mateus, Sandra Monteiro da Silva. Avaliação da Sustentabilidade de Soluções de Reabilitação Energética para Coberturas de um Edifício de Habitação. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreia Macedo; Ricardo Mateus; Sandra Monteiro da Silva. 2021. "Avaliação da Sustentabilidade de Soluções de Reabilitação Energética para Coberturas de um Edifício de Habitação." , no. : 1.
Isabel Mateus; Ricardo Mateus; Sandra Monteiro da Silva. Optimization of the Sustainability during the Refurbishment design phase of a Residential Building Using SBToolpt-H. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleIsabel Mateus, Ricardo Mateus, Sandra Monteiro da Silva. Optimization of the Sustainability during the Refurbishment design phase of a Residential Building Using SBToolpt-H. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel Mateus; Ricardo Mateus; Sandra Monteiro da Silva. 2021. "Optimization of the Sustainability during the Refurbishment design phase of a Residential Building Using SBToolpt-H." , no. : 1.
Jorge Fernandes; Carlos Pimenta; Ricardo Mateus; Luís Bragança; Sandra Monteiro da Silva. Análise da influência das varandas envidraçadas da arquitetura vernácula beirã no comportamento térmico dos edifícios. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJorge Fernandes, Carlos Pimenta, Ricardo Mateus, Luís Bragança, Sandra Monteiro da Silva. Análise da influência das varandas envidraçadas da arquitetura vernácula beirã no comportamento térmico dos edifícios. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Fernandes; Carlos Pimenta; Ricardo Mateus; Luís Bragança; Sandra Monteiro da Silva. 2021. "Análise da influência das varandas envidraçadas da arquitetura vernácula beirã no comportamento térmico dos edifícios." , no. : 1.