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Prof. Chris Roast
Sheffield Hallam University

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0 Notation
0 human factor
0 Software engineering
0 HCI (human–computer interaction)
0 Inter-disciplinarity and inter-practice methodologies

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Short Biography

Interaction Design, Notations, Humans and technology

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Journal article
Published: 22 May 2021 in Applied Sciences
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With the increase in the number of users on social networks, sentiment analysis has been gaining attention. Sentiment analysis establishes the aggregation of these opinions to inform researchers about attitudes towards products or topics. Social network data commonly contain authors’ opinions about specific subjects, such as people’s opinions towards steps taken to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Usually, people use dialectal language in their posts on social networks. Dialectal language has obstacles that make opinion analysis a challenging process compared to working with standard language. For the Arabic language, Modern Standard Arabic tools (MSA) cannot be employed with social network data that contain dialectal language. Another challenge of the dialectal Arabic language is the polarity of opinionated words affected by inverters, such as negation, that tend to change the word’s polarity from positive to negative and vice versa. This work analyzes the effect of inverters on sentiment analysis of social network dialectal Arabic posts. It discusses the different reasons that hinder the trivial resolution of inverters. An experiment is conducted on a corpus of data collected from Facebook. However, the same work can be applied to other social network posts. The results show the impact that resolution of negation may have on the classification accuracy. The results show that the F1 score increases by 20% if negation is treated in the text.

ACS Style

Sanaa Kaddoura; Maher Itani; Chris Roast. Analyzing the Effect of Negation in Sentiment Polarity of Facebook Dialectal Arabic Text. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 4768 .

AMA Style

Sanaa Kaddoura, Maher Itani, Chris Roast. Analyzing the Effect of Negation in Sentiment Polarity of Facebook Dialectal Arabic Text. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (11):4768.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sanaa Kaddoura; Maher Itani; Chris Roast. 2021. "Analyzing the Effect of Negation in Sentiment Polarity of Facebook Dialectal Arabic Text." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11: 4768.

Conference paper
Published: 01 July 2016
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ACS Style

Aathira Majnu; Chris Bates; Chris Roast. Dimension of Non-Trivial Online Forms. 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Aathira Majnu, Chris Bates, Chris Roast. Dimension of Non-Trivial Online Forms. . 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aathira Majnu; Chris Bates; Chris Roast. 2016. "Dimension of Non-Trivial Online Forms." , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2013 in Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV
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This paper reports upon the design and use of a lightweight evaluation method, especially designed to examine complex interactive systems. The approach is illustrated through a case study involving an interactive tool designed to help enable users examine large scale data arising from authentication activity in higher education institutes. The evaluation approach illustrated is to enable the lightweight assessment of usability issues within complex interactive systems and identifying opportunities for significant design improvements. Specifically we argue that this method benefits from capturing key generic factors that underpin the effectiveness of tools for working with complex data. The paper concludes by reflecting upon the effectiveness of the lightweight structured assessment approach and how it supports to formative evaluation.

ACS Style

Chris Roast; Elizabeth Uruchurtu. Formative Evaluation for Complex Interactive Systems. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 2013, 47 -54.

AMA Style

Chris Roast, Elizabeth Uruchurtu. Formative Evaluation for Complex Interactive Systems. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV. 2013; ():47-54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Roast; Elizabeth Uruchurtu. 2013. "Formative Evaluation for Complex Interactive Systems." Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV , no. : 47-54.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2012
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ACS Style

Chris Roast; Xiaohui Zhang. Exploring the motivations involved in context aware services. 2012, 1 .

AMA Style

Chris Roast, Xiaohui Zhang. Exploring the motivations involved in context aware services. . 2012; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Roast; Xiaohui Zhang. 2012. "Exploring the motivations involved in context aware services." , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2012 in Computer Vision
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This research explores how an existing analytic framework (the cognitive dimensions framework) for interactive digital design reflects knowledge relevant to exploring the design space. The work examines this idea through the analysis of the transcripts of three digital design collaborative workshops run as part of "Studying Professional Software Design". Expert deliberation within these workshops is assessed and related to the analytic framework. The cognitive dimension framework has not been applied to observational data of this sort before. However, the approach described in this paper appears to provide a viable means of analysis. In conclusion we demonstrate that approaching observational data in this manner is not highly complex but is sufficient to provide useful insights. Reflections from the resulting analysis shed light on the interests and tensions evident in early stages of digital product design.

ACS Style

Chris Roast. Constraining and Creating Solutions – Reflections on the Analysis of Early Design. Computer Vision 2012, 7623, 130 -145.

AMA Style

Chris Roast. Constraining and Creating Solutions – Reflections on the Analysis of Early Design. Computer Vision. 2012; 7623 ():130-145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Roast. 2012. "Constraining and Creating Solutions – Reflections on the Analysis of Early Design." Computer Vision 7623, no. : 130-145.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2011 in Journal of Visual Languages & Computing
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Euler diagrams are a diagrammatic system for representing and reasoning with set theoretic statements. Syntactic constraints called wellformedness conditions (WFCs) are often imposed with the intention of reducing comprehension errors, but there is little supporting empirical evidence that they have the desired effect. We report on experiments which support the theory that the WFCs are generally beneficial for novice user comprehension, but we discover that violating some individual WFCs, such as concurrency, can be beneficial. Furthermore, we examine a prioritisation of the WFCs, derived from the user comprehension results, which could be used to prioritise theoretical work on generation problems or to assist in the provision of a choice of a diagram to display to users, for instance. We have used similar materials to our previous ‘preference study’ for cross comparison purposes. This accumulation of work has motivated the development of a model of the user comprehension with the aim of more closely linking theoretical and empirical works examining effective notation design, general approaches to displaying notations and interacting with notations.

ACS Style

Andrew Fish; Babak Khazaei; Chris Roast. User-comprehension of Euler diagrams. Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 2011, 22, 340 -354.

AMA Style

Andrew Fish, Babak Khazaei, Chris Roast. User-comprehension of Euler diagrams. Journal of Visual Languages & Computing. 2011; 22 (5):340-354.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew Fish; Babak Khazaei; Chris Roast. 2011. "User-comprehension of Euler diagrams." Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 22, no. 5: 340-354.

Conference paper
Published: 10 March 2007 in People and Computers XVIII — Design for Life
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Designing interactive computer systems involves relating informal understandings of practice to the formal language and notations of the computer. For interactive systems that support certain types of ‘knowledge work’, this relationship is mirrored in the user interface. For example, the users of spreadsheets, aircraft flight management systems, or even domestic heating controllers, can find themselves having to relate their informal understanding of what is required to the notations embodied in such tools. The benefit of effectively utilising these capabilities is considerable, however it requires the use of abstractions and pre-planning, which can impose considerable cognitive burdens on the user. A key design issue for such innovations is to understand how a new system can be integrated into its environment. These considerations may be critical to the uptake of the system by its intended users. In addition, such technologies commonly promote a qualitative shift in working practices that can challenge the value of traditional contextual analysis assessments. This paper reports on a study to support the redesign of a novel tool that is intended for use by authors of highly interactive DVDs. The tool provides users with powerful abstractions allowing them to radically extend the interactivity available in the medium of DVD. The investigation shows how contextual studies can be enhanced by combining them with analytic methods to provide an efficient practical framework that is suitable to support successive design assessments.

ACS Style

Chris Roast; Andy Dearden; Babak Khazaei. Enhancing Contextual Analysis to Support the Design of Development Tools. People and Computers XVIII — Design for Life 2007, 297 -313.

AMA Style

Chris Roast, Andy Dearden, Babak Khazaei. Enhancing Contextual Analysis to Support the Design of Development Tools. People and Computers XVIII — Design for Life. 2007; ():297-313.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Roast; Andy Dearden; Babak Khazaei. 2007. "Enhancing Contextual Analysis to Support the Design of Development Tools." People and Computers XVIII — Design for Life , no. : 297-313.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2006 in Journal of Visual Languages & Computing
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The cognitive dimensions framework has inspired research both more and less varied than expected. In this paper, we revisit the original aims and briefly describe some subsequent research, to consider whether the original aims were too austere in rejecting knowledge-based dimensions; whether the dimensions can be shown to have real-world relevance; and whether their definitions can be improved, either piecemeal or by refactoring the entire set. We mention some issues that remain unexplored, and conclude by describing two different ventures into defining clear procedures for real-life application, operating in very different milieux but both accepting that the framework should be developed from its original formulation.

ACS Style

T.R.G. Green; A.E. Blandford; L. Church; C.R. Roast; S. Clarke. Cognitive dimensions: Achievements, new directions, and open questions. Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 2006, 17, 328 -365.

AMA Style

T.R.G. Green, A.E. Blandford, L. Church, C.R. Roast, S. Clarke. Cognitive dimensions: Achievements, new directions, and open questions. Journal of Visual Languages & Computing. 2006; 17 (4):328-365.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T.R.G. Green; A.E. Blandford; L. Church; C.R. Roast; S. Clarke. 2006. "Cognitive dimensions: Achievements, new directions, and open questions." Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 17, no. 4: 328-365.

Journal article
Published: 23 July 2002 in Technology and Disability
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ACS Style

Mark S. Hawley; Peter O'Neill; Lynda H. Webb; Chris Roast. A provision framework and data logging tool to aid the prescription of electronic assistive technology. Technology and Disability 2002, 14, 43 -52.

AMA Style

Mark S. Hawley, Peter O'Neill, Lynda H. Webb, Chris Roast. A provision framework and data logging tool to aid the prescription of electronic assistive technology. Technology and Disability. 2002; 14 (2):43-52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mark S. Hawley; Peter O'Neill; Lynda H. Webb; Chris Roast. 2002. "A provision framework and data logging tool to aid the prescription of electronic assistive technology." Technology and Disability 14, no. 2: 43-52.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 1999 in Eurographics
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It is widely recognised that design quality is influenced by the perspective adopted by developers. In the case of formal methods such perspectives are frequently offered by identifying and/or developing appropriate models, from which requirements and systems can be expressed and even verified. In addition, to this there is a growing recognition that selecting and employing a model is an activity which is less dependent upon formal adequacy and more dependent upon ease of use. In this paper we examine and assess factors relevant to design quality that are apparent in comparing two alternative modelling approaches. The specific case study used is that of a system for visualising and manipulating a logical tree.

ACS Style

Chris Roast; Jawed Siddiqi. Contrasting Models for Visualisation (Seeing the wood through the trees). Eurographics 1999, 52 -66.

AMA Style

Chris Roast, Jawed Siddiqi. Contrasting Models for Visualisation (Seeing the wood through the trees). Eurographics. 1999; ():52-66.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Roast; Jawed Siddiqi. 1999. "Contrasting Models for Visualisation (Seeing the wood through the trees)." Eurographics , no. : 52-66.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 1997 in Interacting with Computers
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This article describes the template framework, a conceptual ion that enables both system and user properties to be combined. The intended purpose of the framework is illustrated through an example of applying it in the assessment of a commercially available interface for visualising and managing a directory service. The template framework is one technique for promoting the recognition of human factors within formal system modelling. The framework encourages the recognition and formalisation of system features that are relevant to effective use. Through examining interaction and interface designs in this way, assumptions about intended use, system design and user tasks can be made explicit. An informal description along with a partial formal development of the directory service and its interface is given, as well as an outline of the sort of tasks it may be expected to support. An analysis of the interface in terms of the adherence between its 'system provided view' and the 'user expected view' is carried out which is investigated in terms of a generic notion within the template model known as output correctness. The investigation focuses on determining the specification constraints required to satisfy output correctness and explores the implications of these constraints upon interface design.

ACS Style

Chris Roast; Jawed Siddiqi. Using the template model to analyse directory visualisation. Interacting with Computers 1997, 9, 155 -172.

AMA Style

Chris Roast, Jawed Siddiqi. Using the template model to analyse directory visualisation. Interacting with Computers. 1997; 9 (2):155-172.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Roast; Jawed Siddiqi. 1997. "Using the template model to analyse directory visualisation." Interacting with Computers 9, no. 2: 155-172.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 1997 in People and Computers XII
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This paper uses the analytic framework of cognitive dimensions to provide formal interpretations of dimensions for appraising the suitability of interactive systems for particular tasks. The framework also provides an effective terminology to support a wide range of assessments including interface evaluation, and the resistance of notations to modification. We propose that interface design can benefit from interpreting cognitive dimensions as tools for assessing software characteristics such as usability and modifiability. Our interpretation of these dimensions has the benefits of being formal and at the same time yielding practical measures and guidelines for assessment. In this paper our formalisation of cognitive dimensions examines and illustrates the dimensions of ‘viscosity’ — resistance to change. We demonstrate the appropriateness of the measures developed as a means of assessing notational resistance to change and the general results that their formalization enables.

ACS Style

C. R. Roast. Formally Comparing and Informing Notation Design. People and Computers XII 1997, 315 -336.

AMA Style

C. R. Roast. Formally Comparing and Informing Notation Design. People and Computers XII. 1997; ():315-336.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. R. Roast. 1997. "Formally Comparing and Informing Notation Design." People and Computers XII , no. : 315-336.