Rapid urbanization, increased motorization, and industrialization have led to ever-increasing levels of Traffic-Related Air Pollution (TRAP), which has significant implications for public health and urban sustainability. This systematic review assesses the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to model vehicle emissions and the related health impacts in urban areas. This review is based on literature published between 1990 and 2024. We screened 4,780 peer-reviewed articles and 780 met inclusion criteria. We examined the computational methods used in impact studies, including data from spatial datasets, pollutant variables, and epidemiological data. The most common methods were geo-statistical interpolation (Kriging, Geographically Weighted Regression), Land-Use Regression (LUR), and machine learning (Support Vector Regression, Neural Networks), typically with California Line Source Dispersion Model (CALINE) and Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ). To pull multiple analytical perspectives, we purposefully combined systematic review methods with techniques of bibliometric analysis using VOS-viewer and R-software, allowing us to the research output and trends, collaborative networks and research themes. Ultimately our mixed-methods approach demonstrated important differences between developed and developing contexts regarding data availability, exposure modeling approaches and the integration of health co-benefits from active transport. Building on these findings, we introduce a GIS-based decision-support framework integrating traffic data, remote sensing, pollution modeling and health monitoring into a real-time, open-access platform to assist with evidence-based urban planning. This review, emphasizing the computational tools to create high-resolution exposure maps and better translate policy into practice, advances the field of computational urban science and provides a reproducible framework for ameliorating pollution-related health impacts in their best-case scenario rapidly urbanizing cities.

This study investigates precipitation and specific humidity trends from 1981 to 2023, uncovering significant fluctuations across the Mandi region. Analysis of the data shows a broad range in mean annual rainfall, from 631.26 to 1,174.16 mm, highlighting the region's climatic diversity. A stark contrast in rainfall levels is noted between two periods: 1986 to 1990 saw exceptionally low rainfall (9.53–12.55 mm), while 1981 to 1985 experienced high precipitation (13,220.97–13,951.36 mm). The study identifies a peak in precipitation coverage (66%) from 2016 to 2020, with rainfall volumes reaching 5,993.81–6,357.93 mm, contrasting with the lowest coverage (1%) from 2006 to 2010. Additionally, the research reveals significant variation in specific humidity, with the lowest levels recorded between 2021 and 2023 (6,623.94–7,600.59 g/kg) and the highest between 2016 and 2020 (16,353.74–17,313.94 g/kg). The highest and lowest area-wise percentages of specific humidity were observed between 1991 and 1995 (38%) and 1996 and 2000 (5%), respectively. These findings shed light on the dynamic nature of precipitation and humidity in the region, offering critical insights for understanding local climate patterns and informing sectors dependent on precise climatic data.

Soil stabilization is an important parameter when a structure is being constructed on the ground. It is important that the soil is having enough strength and st

Nanotechnology has revealed possibilities for breakthrough developments in the area of therapeutics. With their wide range of functions and traits, multifunctional nanomaterials offer a potential intriguing direction in the quest for more efficacious and reliable medical interventions. The exquisite engineering of these nanomaterials enables them to function simultaneously in the delivery of drugs, imaging, and diagnostics. Owing to their compact size and high surface-area-to-volume ratio, they can encapsulate and release drugs effectively, boosting therapeutic results while lowering side effects. Additionally, due to their specific physicochemical characteristics, which allow for precise localization across one’s body, they are perfect choices for targeted drug administration. Nanoparticles can be modified with contrast materials for a range of imaging techniques, allowing for real-time evaluation of disease growth and treatment outcomes. These nanomaterials can act as frameworks for incorporating theranostic characteristics, enabling both therapy and diagnosis via a single system. These are also at the cutting edge of customized medicine, delivering specific treatments that take into account a person’s genetic makeup and disease background. Their adaptability enables the creation of patient-specific medicines, enhancing therapeutic results while minimizing negative effects. This study discusses the therapeutic applications of multifunctional nanomaterials while emphasizing their potential to change the paradigm of healthcare by providing more specialized, efficient, and individualized treatment options. <!----> <!----> <!----> <!---->