A new low-cost, high throughput method was developed for fabricating large area quantized magnetic disks (QMDs) using nanoimprint lithography (NIL), electroplating, and chemical mechanical polishing. Perpendicular QMDs with a density of 18 Gbit/in.2 and good uniformity over an area of 4 cm×4 cm (total 45 Gbit) have been achieved, as well as longitudinal QMDs of 30 Gbit/in.2 The NIL molds for the perpendicular QMDs were fabricated using double NIL with a grating mold. The magnetic properties of both types of QMDs were studied by magnetic force microscop

Recently, malware has increasingly become a critical threat to embedded systems, while the conventional software solutions, such as antivirus and patches, have not been so successful in defending the ever-evolving and advanced malicious programs. In this paper, we propose a hardware-enhanced architecture, GuardOL, to perform online malware detection. GuardOL is a combined approach using processor and field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Our approach aims to capture the malicious behavior (i.e., high-level semantics) of malware. To this end, we first propose the frequency-centric model for feature construction using system call patterns of known malware and benign samples. We then develop a machine learning approach (using multilayer perceptron) in FPGA to train classifier using these features. At runtime, the trained classifier is used to classify the unknown samples as malware or benign, with early prediction. The experimental results show that our solution can achieve high classification accuracy, fast detection, low power consumption, and flexibility for easy functionality upgrade to adapt to new malware samples. One of the main advantages of our design is the support of early prediction-detecting 46% of malware within first 30% of their execution, while 97% of the samples at 100% of their execution, with <;3% false positives.

Herein, emerging applications of luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals are addressed, such as quantum dots and quantum rods as down‐conversion materials used in liquid crystal displays (LCD). Their precisely tunable emission wavelengths and narrow emission bandwidths offer high color purity resulting in a wide color gamut with vivid colors for LCDs. Anisotropic materials, such as quantum rods, have the additional advantage of polarized emission, which can bring a significant improvement to the efficiency of LCD displays. The basic optical properties of these nanomaterials are considered, with a focus on quantum rods, and the challenges and progress in their assembly are discussed. Different techniques for quantum rod alignment are introduced such as shear‐oriented, electric field and magnetic field assisted assembly, mechanical rubbing, stretching, and electrospinning. The photoalignment approach allows for an easy arrangement of quantum rods in‐plane, and the implications of this method to patterning are considered. Different configurations of LCDs utilizing semiconductor quantum dots and quantum rods as down‐conversion layers are also presented, and the potential applications that are enabled by the wide range of emerging materials are highlighted.

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a paradigm-shift method that has shown sub-10-nm resolution, high throughput, and low cost. To make NIL a next-generation lithography tool to replace conventional lithography, one must demonstrate the needed overlay accuracy in multilayer NIL, large-area uniformity, and low defect density. Here, we present the fabrication of 60-nm channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors on whole 4-in. wafers using NIL at all lithography levels. The nanotransistors exhibit excellent operational characteristics across the wafer. The statistics from consecutive multiwafer processing show an average overlay accuracy of 500 nm over the entire 4-in. wafer. The accuracy is much better when the field size is reduced. The overlay accuracies are limited by the current alignment method and can be improved substantially. The work presents a significant advance in nanoimprint development and its applications in manufacturing of integrated electrical, optical, chemical, and biological nanocircuits.