Distribution System Operators (DSOs) and Aggregators benefit from novel energy forecasting (EF) approaches. Improved forecasting accuracy may make it easier to deal with energy imbalances between generation and consumption. It also helps operations such as Demand Response Management (DRM) in Smart Grid (SG) architectures. For utilities, companies, and consumers to manage energy resources effectively and make educated decisions about energy generation and consumption, EF is essential. For many applications, such as Energy Load Forecasting (ELF), Energy Generation Forecasting (EGF), and grid stability, accurate EF is crucial. The state of the art in EF is examined in this literature review, emphasising cutting-edge forecasting techniques and technologies and their significance for the energy industry. It gives an overview of statistical, Machine Learning (ML)-based, and Deep Learning (DL)-based methods and their ensembles that form the basis of EF. Various time-series forecasting techniques are explored, including sequence-to-sequence, recursive, and direct forecasting. Furthermore, evaluation criteria are reported, namely, relative and absolute metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Coefficient of Determination ($R^2$), and Coefficient of Variation of the Root Mean Square Error (CVRMSE), as well as the Execution Time (ET), which are used to gauge prediction accuracy. Finally, an overall step-by-step standard methodology often utilised in EF problems is presented.

The use of Machine Learning (ML) and Sentiment Analysis (SA) on data from microblogging sites has become a popular method for stock market prediction. In this work, we developed a model for predicting stock movement utilizing SA on Twitter and StockTwits data. Stock movement and sentiment data were used to evaluate this approach and validate it on Microsoft stock. We gathered tweets from Twitter and StockTwits, as well as financial data from Finance Yahoo. SA was applied to tweets, and seven ML classification models were implemented: K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Naïve Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). The main novelty of this work is that it integrates multiple SA and ML methods, emphasizing the retrieval of extra features from social media (i.e., public sentiment), for improving stock prediction accuracy. The best results were obtained when tweets were analyzed using Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner (VADER) and SVM. The top F-score was 76.3%, while the top Area Under Curve (AUC) value was 67%.

The ongoing increase in urban populations has resulted in the enduring issue of traffic congestion, adversely affecting the quality of life, including commute duration, road safety, and local air quality. Consequently, recognizing and forecasting underlying traffic congestion patterns have become essential, with Traffic Congestion Prediction (TCP) emerging as an increasingly significant area of study. Advancements in Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), as well as improvements in Internet of Things (IoT) sensor technologies have made TCP research crucial to the development of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). This review examines advanced TCP, emphasizing innovative forecasting methods and technologies and their importance for the ITS sector. This paper provides an overview of statistical, ML, Deep Learning (DL) approaches, and their ensembles that compose TCP. We examine several forecasting methods and discuss relative and absolute evaluation metrics from regression and classification perspectives. Finally, we present an overall step-by-step standard methodology that is often utilized in TCP problems. By combining these elements, this review highlights critical advancements and ongoing challenges in TCP, providing robust and detailed information for state-of-the-art ITS solutions.