Paper is one of the most significant inventions in human civilization, which considerably advanced global cultural development. Pulping is a key step in the conversion of fiber raw materials into paper. Since its inception, pulping has rapidly evolved, continually adapting to technological advancements. Researchers are constantly investigating various types of raw materials for pulping. In this review, some of the materials employed in pulping are outlined, and the fiber content, pulping method, as well as the strength of wood and non-wood crop straw as pulping raw materials are analyzed and discussed. In addition, this review explores the effects of different materials under various pulping conditions and assesses the future trends in raw material selection for pulping while considering the current global environmental pressures.

The pulp and paper industry plays an important role in the global economy and is inextricably linked to human life. Due to its large scale, the production process generates a large amount of wastewater, which poses a major threat to the environment. The sustainable utilization and safe treatment of pulp and paper wastewater can effectively reduce environmental pollution, improve resource utilization efficiency, protect water resources, provide economic benefits for pulp and paper enterprises, and thus promote the green and sustainable development of the pulp and paper industry. Therefore, this study discusses the pollution components of pulp and paper wastewater and their impact on the environment and human health. In this review, we aim to explore the sustainable development of pulp and paper wastewater by summarizing the characteristics of current pulp and paper wastewater, the commonly used treatment methods for pulp and paper wastewater, the application of pulp and paper wastewater recycling, and the future development direction of pulp and paper wastewater.

Baijiu is a traditional fermented Chinese beverage with a history of hundreds of years. The notable characteristics of Baijiu include diverse raw materials, complex technology, and the co-fermentation of multiple strains. Complex brewing technology has created different aromas and contributes to complex trace component formation in Baijiu. Among the different components, the alcohol, ester, and acid contents are the highest in Baijiu, constituting its aroma skeleton. Nitrogen compounds significantly constitute the aroma compounds of Baijiu and affect human health. Although present in low concentration, sulfur compounds significantly contribute to the taste and positively impact human health. We provide a systematic review of domestic and international reports on the trace components in Baijiu. The review introduces their sources, types, and effects on Baijiu aroma, describes their content and existence in mainstream aromas of Baijiu, such as the strong-, jiang-, and light-aromas, and discusses their health effects. Furthermore, this article summarizes and proposes several feasible research ideas. The systematic review of these trace components will possibly facilitate studies on Baijiu, particularly on its relationship with health.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by most living cells, encapsulate a diverse array of bioactive molecules from their parent cells, including proteins and nucleic acids. Recent studies underscore the potential of EVs as advanced biomarkers for the early diagnosis of a variety of clinical diseases. Nevertheless, traditional platforms for EVs separation and detection platforms working alone often involve multiple pieces of equipment and complex, multi-step protocols. This extends processing time and the likelihood of bioanalyte loss and cross-contamination, thereby impeding further EVs research. To date, few studies have effectively combined EVs separation, detection, and analysis functions into a single platform. Integrated microfluidic platforms present a compelling solution by enabling seamless progression from sample to result. These platforms can efficiently combine various separation and detection techniques, simplifying complex workflows and facilitating both efficient EVs separation and high-sensitivity detection. This review concentrates on integrated microfluidic platforms for EVs separation and detection, specifically examining whether the separation and detection units are fully integrated. Recent studies underscore the potential of EVs as promising biomarkers for early-stage diagnosis of diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent advances in EVs separation and analysis enable overcoming key translational barriers, accelerating their routine adoption in clinical diagnostics.

Fracturing fluids are being increasingly used for viscosity development and proppant transport during hydraulic fracturing operations. Furthermore, the breaker is an important additive in fracturing fluid to extensively degrade the polymer mass after fracturing operations, thereby maximizing fracture conductivity and minimizing residual damaging materials. In this study, the efficacy of different enzyme breakers was examined in alkaline and medium-temperature reservoirs. The parameters considered were the effect of the breaker on shear resistance performance and sand-suspending performance of the fracturing fluid, its damage to the reservoir after gel breaking, and its gel-breaking efficiency. The experimental results verified that mannanase II is an enzyme breaker with excellent gel-breaking performance at medium temperatures and alkaline conditions. In addition, mannanase II did not adversely affect the shear resistance performance and sand-suspending performance of the fracturing fluid during hydraulic fracturing. For the same gel-breaking result, the concentration of mannanase II used was only one fifth of other enzyme breakers (e.g., mannanase I, galactosidase, and amylase). Moreover, the amount of residue and the particle size of the residues generated were also significantly lower than those of the ammonium persulfate breaker. Finally, we also examined the viscosity-reducing capability of mannanase II under a wide range of temperatures (104–158 °F) and pH values (7–8.5) to recommend its best-use concentrations under different fracturing conditions. The mannanase has potential for applications in low-permeability oilfield development and to maximize long-term productivity from unconventional oilwells.