Although numerous studies have described the link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), no meta-analysis has been carried out on this relationship. Thus, the present study intended to address this limitation. A systematic search was carried out using electronic databases, such as PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Medline, and Web of Science. A sum of 10 studies (n = 9327) was incorporated in the meta-analysis. Compared with non-MetS, MetS was significantly associated with high CAD risk (OR = 4.03, 95% CI = 3.56–4.56). The MetS components were also significantly correlated with high CAD risk (OR = 3.72, 95% CI = 3.22–4.40). The presence of two (OR = 3.93, 95% CI = 2.81–5.49), three (OR = 4.09, 95% CI = 2.85–5.86), four (OR = 4.04, 95% CI = 2.83–5.78), or all five MetS components (OR = 3.92, 95% CI = 3.11–4.93), were significantly associated with a high risk of CAD. MetS and its individual or combined elements were linked with high CAD risk based on contemporary evidence. Thus, the assessment of MetS and its components might help identify people at a higher risk of advancing CAD in the future.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) are part of a heterogeneous and complex metabolic group of disorders that share common pathophysiological circumstances, including β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. The protein Calpain 10 (CAPN10) plays a role in glucose metabolism, pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion, and thermogenesis. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based genotyping of CAPN10 (rs2975760) polymorphism was carried out in T2DM and GDM with suitable controls for each of the pathologies from the same population. Genomic DNA was isolated from 787 participants, including 250 cases of T2DM, 287 pregnant women, of which 137 were identified as having GDM and the remaining 150 were confirmed as non-GDM, and 250 healthy control volunteers, and association analysis was carried out for genotypes and alleles. In the present study, T2DM was compared with healthy controls and was not found to be associated with the CAPN10 C allele (odds ratio, OR: 1.09; 95% CI = 0.8011-1.484; p = 0.5821). GDM also did not show any association when compared with non-GDM (OR: 1.124; 95% CI = 0.7585-1.667; p = 0.5606) respectively. Our study suggests that the CAPN10 (rs2975760) polymorphism scrutinized in this study is not associated with T2DM and GDM.

Amal F Alshammary, Imran Ali Khan. J Obes Metab Syndr 2021;30:63-71. https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes20086

Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share a common pathophysiology associated with similar risk factors. Genetic variants used to determine the risk of developing T2DM might also be associated with the prevalence of GDM. The aim of the present study was to scrutinize the relationship between the G972R polymorphism of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene with GDM in the Saudi female population. This is a case-control study that monitored 500 Saudi women. Subjects with GDM (n=200) were compared with non-GDM (n=300) controls. We opted to evaluate rs1801278 polymorphism in the IRS1 gene, which plays a critical role in the insulin-signaling pathway. Genotyping was performed with the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The frequency of the rs1801278 polymorphism was significantly higher in women with GDM than in women with non-GDM (for TT + CT versus CC:P=0.02). Additionally, there was a significant increase in the frequency of the Arg-encoding mutant allele from GDM to non-GDM (for T versus C:P=0.01). Our results suggest that the rs1801278 polymorphism in theIRS-1gene is involved in the occurrence of GDM in the Saudi population.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder with chronic hyperglycemia. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many genes and, among them, solute carrier family 30 member 8 (SLC30A8) was one of the important genes linked to the development of T2DM risk. The relationship between T2DM and the SLC30A8 gene is linked through zinc, which plays a key role in the storage and secretion of insulin. The rs13266634 polymorphism includes a strong genetic association in case-control and meta-analysis studies of the global population. The aim of this current study was to scrutinize the genetic relationship between the rs13266634 polymorphism in the SLC30A8 gene with T2DM subjects selected with a family history in the Saudi population. This study involved 120 cases of diagnosed T2DM and 120 confirmed healthy controls that were recruited to screen rs13266634 polymorphisms through a genotyping analysis followed by PCR and RFLP analysis. Baseline characteristics between cases and controls have been evaluated with Student’s t-test. The study results confirmed the genetic association between the allele (p = 0.001), genotypes (CT = 0.005 and TT = 0.03), and various genetic patterns of inheritance (p = 0.001 and p = 0.02). Both analysis of variance (ANOVA) and binary logistic regression analysis revealed non-signiifcant association with T2DM cases and biochemical parameters (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the current results have confirmed the strong genetic association between T2DM cases and controls in the Saudi population with rs13266634 polymorphisms of the SLC30A8 gene.