This study aims to examine the relationship between open innovation (OI), organisational ambidexterity (OA), and entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Since OA is central to the short and long-term survival of the firm, there is an enormous interest in investigating organisational mechanisms for achieving higher levels of OA. Prior studies have mostly concentrated on ‘internal’ mechanisms, and less attention has been given to how open innovation practices can promote OA. Our observation of 214 Iran knowledge-intensive firms indicates that OI, entailing inbound and outbound open innovation activities, significantly enhances OA. Yet, contrary to our expectation, EO negatively moderates the relationship between OI and OA in the developing context of Iran. This provides compelling insights into how an open innovation approach can compensate the necessity of risky and proactive entrepreneurial activities in the less developed institutional contexts where institutional voids enhance the costs and risks of entrepreneurial initiatives. The discussion finally suggests the theoretical and managerial implications of the study and future directions.

Technology-based firms need to survive via technological changes. Technological entrepreneurship is concentrated on identifying and exploiting the tech-opportunities for creating product innovation. This paper introduces a fuzzy-based tool to promote innovation throughout firms in order to enhance technological entrepreneurship capabilities (TEC). The effort involves identifying components of TEC to develop the inference system, specifying the fuzzy relationship among these components, assessing the TEC in firms, and designing a TEC roadmap after a fuzzy-based gap analysis. Designed roadmaps introduce technological change priorities as a growth path to firms to move up along the ladder of competitiveness. Based on the results, a method for categorizing firms into four distinct levels that involve passive, reactive, proactive and innovative is introduced. Hence, firms have an action plan to enhance TEC from passive to innovative level in a time-based transition pathway.

Cities are creating an environment that encourages digital growth. Cities' capacity to facilitate and drive the development of a digital core system emphasizes the importance of cities in creating the necessary circumstances for a successful ecosystem - access to talent, access to funding, access to spaces and locations, and access to markets. Cities, on the other hand, can contribute to the creation of mechanisms such as co-investment funds, in which the public and private sectors share the risk of supporting new creative businesses. All facets of manufacturing, consumption, and regulatory services could be altered by digital technologies in our everyday routines. By introducing new capabilities and business models, as well as by influencing their environment and the policy systems that govern them, they will have a significant impact on entrepreneurial ecosystems. In this article, we are looking for a model that may express policy requirements of technological entrepreneurship in the urban ecosystem, based on knowledge about the importance and requirements of entrepreneurial ecosystems, the smart city approach, and the knowledge-based development strategy. A comparative analytical method was used to conduct this research. We review the literature on ecosystems, urban ecosystems, smart cities, and knowledge-based urban development. Then we classified the parameters of each and presented how these categories are related in a model. In the research literature and in an executive position, dealing with a model for the policy requirements of technological entrepreneurship in the urban ecosystem can explain how the issue is operationalized, examine the city as an ecosystem where entrepreneurship occurs through technology and requires its own policies.