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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes severe reproductive failure in sows and respiratory diseases in growing and finishing pigs and results in great economic losses to the swine industry. Although vaccines are available, PRRSV remains a major threat to the pig farms. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop antiviral drugs to compensate for vaccines. In this study, we report that Aloe extract (Ae) can strongly inhibit PRRSV in Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages lines (iPAMs) in vitro. Furthermore, we identified a novel anti-PRRSV molecule, Emodin, from Ae by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Emodin exerted its inhibitory effect through targeting the whole stages of PRRSV infectious cycle. Moreover, we also found that Emodin can inactivate PRRSV particles directly. Notably, we confirmed that Emodin was able to significantly induce Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) (p< 0.01), IFN-α (p< 0.05) and IFN-β expression in iPAMs, indicating that induction of antiviral agents via TLR3 activation by Emodin might contribute to its anti-PRRSV effect. These findings imply that the Emodin from Aloe could hamper the proliferation of PRRSV in vitro and might constitute a new approach for treating PRRSV infection.
Zhichao Xu; Meiyan Huang; Yongbo Xia; Peng Peng; Yun Zhang; Shumei Zheng; Xiaowei Wang; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. Emodin from Aloe Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus via Toll-Like Receptor 3 Activation. Viruses 2021, 13, 1243 .
AMA StyleZhichao Xu, Meiyan Huang, Yongbo Xia, Peng Peng, Yun Zhang, Shumei Zheng, Xiaowei Wang, Chunyi Xue, Yongchang Cao. Emodin from Aloe Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus via Toll-Like Receptor 3 Activation. Viruses. 2021; 13 (7):1243.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhichao Xu; Meiyan Huang; Yongbo Xia; Peng Peng; Yun Zhang; Shumei Zheng; Xiaowei Wang; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. 2021. "Emodin from Aloe Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus via Toll-Like Receptor 3 Activation." Viruses 13, no. 7: 1243.
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a newly emerged and highly pathogenic virus that is associated with fatal diarrhea disease in piglets, causing significant economic losses to the pig industry. At present, the research on the pathogenicity and molecular mechanisms of host-virus interactions of SADS-CoV are limited and remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the global gene expression profiles of SADS-CoV-infected Vero E6 cells at 12, 18, and 24 h post-infection (hpi) using the RNA-sequencing. As a result, a total of 3324 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified, most of which showed a down-regulated expression pattern. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that the DEGs are mainly involved in signal transduction, cellular transcription, immune and inflammatory response, and autophagy. Collectively, our results provide insights into the changes in the cellular transcriptome during early infection of SADS-CoV and may provide information for further study of molecular mechanisms.
Siying Zeng; Ouyang Peng; Ruipu Sun; Qiuping Xu; Fangyu Hu; Yan Zhao; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao; Hao Zhang. Transcriptional Landscape of Vero E6 Cells during Early Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus Infection. Viruses 2021, 13, 674 .
AMA StyleSiying Zeng, Ouyang Peng, Ruipu Sun, Qiuping Xu, Fangyu Hu, Yan Zhao, Chunyi Xue, Yongchang Cao, Hao Zhang. Transcriptional Landscape of Vero E6 Cells during Early Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus Infection. Viruses. 2021; 13 (4):674.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiying Zeng; Ouyang Peng; Ruipu Sun; Qiuping Xu; Fangyu Hu; Yan Zhao; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao; Hao Zhang. 2021. "Transcriptional Landscape of Vero E6 Cells during Early Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus Infection." Viruses 13, no. 4: 674.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes substantial economic losses to the global pig industry. Members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family are the important effectors of the innate immune response against viral infections. We have previously characterized the entire porcine TRIM (pTRIM) family, and predicted pTRIM5, 14, 21, 25 and 38 as host restriction factors against PRRSV infection. However, little is known about whether and how pTRIMs restrict the infection of PRRSV. In this study, we firstly performed the amino acid alignments of the RING domain of pTRIM5, 21, 25 and 38, and found that pTRIM proteins contained the characteristic consensus C3HC4 type zinc-binding motif which is important for the ubiquitination function. Then we detected the mRNA changes of pTRIMs in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) by transcriptome sequencing after PRRSV infection in piglets. Transcriptional profiles showed that the expression of pTRIM5, 21 and 26 was significantly (P < 0.05) up-regulated, consistent with their expression in vitro. Finally, as the most up-regulated gene after PRRSV infection both in vivo and in vitro, pTRIM21 was investigated for its anti-PRRSV activity in immortalized PAMs (iPAMs) in two aspects: knockdown and overexpression of pTRIM21. Knockdown of endogenic pTRIM21 could significantly promote PRRSV replication at 12 and 24 h post infection in iPAMs. Meanwhile, overexpression of pTRIM21 could significantly suppress PRRSV replication but not affect its attachment and endocytosis. Moreover, pTRIM21 RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase was essential for anti-PRRSV activity. Our data enhance our understanding of the pTRIMs against PRRSV infection, which may help us develop novel therapeutic tools to control PRRSV.
Ying Wei; Siying Zeng; Chuangchao Zou; Hao Zhang; Ouyang Peng; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. Porcine TRIM21 RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase is essential for anti-PRRSV activity. Veterinary Microbiology 2021, 256, 109043 .
AMA StyleYing Wei, Siying Zeng, Chuangchao Zou, Hao Zhang, Ouyang Peng, Chunyi Xue, Yongchang Cao. Porcine TRIM21 RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase is essential for anti-PRRSV activity. Veterinary Microbiology. 2021; 256 ():109043.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYing Wei; Siying Zeng; Chuangchao Zou; Hao Zhang; Ouyang Peng; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. 2021. "Porcine TRIM21 RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase is essential for anti-PRRSV activity." Veterinary Microbiology 256, no. : 109043.
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) of GI-19 (QX), GI-7 (TW), GI-13 (4/91) and GI-1 (Mass) lineages have been frequently detected in China in recent years. Here, An IBV strain, referred as GD17/04, was isolated from the dead yellow feather chicken vaccinated with H52 and 4/91 vaccines, whose genome sequence was obtained through high-throughput sequencing. Then it has been confirmed by the RDP and SimPlot analysis that GD17/04 is a recombinant strain deriving from YX10, 4/91, TW 2575/98 and H52 strains. Therein S1 gene of GD17/04 consists of sequences of TW2575/98 and 4/91, the former for the region of 20,371 to 21,072 nt and 21,847 to 21,975 nt, the latter for the sandwiched region of 21,073 to 21,846 nt. Moreover, as a nephropathogenic variant which caused high morbidity of 100 % and mortality of 60 %, unlike most other IBV strains, GD17/04 can cause obvious cell lesion in primary CEK cell, and even in DF-1 cells, without the process of continuous passage. As the few IBV strain can infect avian passage cell line, GD17/04 provides a material basis for further study of the interaction mechanism between IBV and avian host. Collectively, the findings highlight the significance that biological characteristics of novel strain should be studied, in addition to constant epidemiologic and molecular surveillance for IBV.
Mengjiao Huang; Yuan Liu; Chuangchao Zou; Yazhuo Tan; Zhenling Han; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. A highly pathogenic recombinant infectious bronchitis virus with adaptability in cultured cells. Virus Research 2020, 292, 198229 .
AMA StyleMengjiao Huang, Yuan Liu, Chuangchao Zou, Yazhuo Tan, Zhenling Han, Chunyi Xue, Yongchang Cao. A highly pathogenic recombinant infectious bronchitis virus with adaptability in cultured cells. Virus Research. 2020; 292 ():198229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMengjiao Huang; Yuan Liu; Chuangchao Zou; Yazhuo Tan; Zhenling Han; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. 2020. "A highly pathogenic recombinant infectious bronchitis virus with adaptability in cultured cells." Virus Research 292, no. : 198229.
Background Hemagglutinin (HA), as the surface immunogenic protein, is the most important component of influenza viruses. Previous studies showed that the stability of HA was significant for HA’s immunogenicity, and many efforts have been made to stabilize the expressed HA proteins. Methods In this study, the protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) were investigated for the ability to improve the stability of HA protein. Two members of the PDIs family, PDI and ERp57, were over-expressed or down-expressed in 293 T cells. The expression of H3 HA and PDIs were investigated by real-time qPCR, western-blot, immunofluorescence assay, and flow cytometry. The stability of HA was investigated by western-blot under non-reducing condition. Moreover, BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously twice with the vaccine that contained HA proteins from the ERp57-overexpressed and conventional 293 T cells respectively to investigate the impact of ERp57 on the immunogenicity of H3N2 HA. Results The percentage of the disulfide-bonded HA trimers increased significantly in the PDIs-overexpressed 293 T cells, and ERp57 was more valid to the stability of HA than PDI. The knockdown of ERp57 by small interfering RNA significantly decreased the percentage of the disulfide-bonded HA trimers. HA proteins from ERp57-overexpressed 293 T cells stimulated the mice to generate significantly higher HA-specific IgG against H1N1 and H3N2 viruses than those from the conventional cells. The mice receiving H3 HA from ERp57-overexpressed 293 T cells showed the better resistance against H1N1 viruses and the higher survival rate than the mice receiving H3 HA from the conventional cells. Conclusion ERp57 could improve the stability and immunogenicity of H3N2 HA.
Jialing Wu; Yang Wang; Ying Wei; Zhichao Xu; Xin Tan; Zhihui Wu; Jing Zheng; George Dacai Liu; Yongchang Cao; Chunyi Xue. Disulfide isomerase ERp57 improves the stability and immunogenicity of H3N2 influenza virus hemagglutinin. Virology Journal 2020, 17, 1 -10.
AMA StyleJialing Wu, Yang Wang, Ying Wei, Zhichao Xu, Xin Tan, Zhihui Wu, Jing Zheng, George Dacai Liu, Yongchang Cao, Chunyi Xue. Disulfide isomerase ERp57 improves the stability and immunogenicity of H3N2 influenza virus hemagglutinin. Virology Journal. 2020; 17 (1):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJialing Wu; Yang Wang; Ying Wei; Zhichao Xu; Xin Tan; Zhihui Wu; Jing Zheng; George Dacai Liu; Yongchang Cao; Chunyi Xue. 2020. "Disulfide isomerase ERp57 improves the stability and immunogenicity of H3N2 influenza virus hemagglutinin." Virology Journal 17, no. 1: 1-10.
In China, variants of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) evolve continually and diverse recombinant strains have been reported. Here, an IBV strain, designated as ck/CH/LJX/2017/07 (referred as JX17) was isolated from chicken vaccinated with H120 and 4/91 in Jiangxi, China, in 2017. Sequence analysis reveals of the S1 gene of JX17 the highest nucleotide identity of 98.15% with that of GI-7 genotype TW2575/98 strain. Furthermore, whole genome analysis among JX17 and other 18 IBV strains demonstrates that JX17 has the highest nucleotide identity of 95.94% with GI-19 genotype YX10 strain. Among all genes of JX17 except the S1 gene, the N gene and 3’ UTR have the highest identity to GI-13 genotype 4/91 strain and the rest genes are the most identical to GI-19 genotype YX10 strain. Analyzed by the RDP and SimPlot, the recombination of JX17 strain was shown to occur in regions which include 5’-terminal S1 gene (20,344 to 22,447 nt), most N gene and 3’ UTR (26,163 to 27,648 nt). The pathogenicity study shows that JX17 is a natural low virulent IBV variant which caused respiratory symptoms but no death. Taken together, these results indicate that IBV strains continue to evolve through genetic recombination and three prevalent genotypes in China including QX, TW and 4/91 have started to recombine.
Mengjiao Huang; Chuangchao Zou; Yuan Liu; Zhenling Han; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. A novel low virulent respiratory infectious bronchitis virus originating from the recombination of QX, TW and 4/91 genotype strains in China. Veterinary Microbiology 2020, 242, 108579 -108579.
AMA StyleMengjiao Huang, Chuangchao Zou, Yuan Liu, Zhenling Han, Chunyi Xue, Yongchang Cao. A novel low virulent respiratory infectious bronchitis virus originating from the recombination of QX, TW and 4/91 genotype strains in China. Veterinary Microbiology. 2020; 242 ():108579-108579.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMengjiao Huang; Chuangchao Zou; Yuan Liu; Zhenling Han; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. 2020. "A novel low virulent respiratory infectious bronchitis virus originating from the recombination of QX, TW and 4/91 genotype strains in China." Veterinary Microbiology 242, no. : 108579-108579.
• Highly virulent PEAV strain GDS04 was passaged regularly to a total of 100 passages in Vero cells. • PEAV strain P100 is low pathogenic to newborn piglets. • The amino acid changes in P100 might be associated with PEAV attenuation.
Zhichao Xu; Ying Lin; Chuangchao Zou; Peng Peng; Yanan Wu; Ying Wei; Yuan Liu; Lang Gong; Yongchang Cao; Chunyi Xue. Attenuation and characterization of porcine enteric alphacoronavirus strain GDS04 via serial cell passage. Veterinary Microbiology 2019, 239, 108489 -108489.
AMA StyleZhichao Xu, Ying Lin, Chuangchao Zou, Peng Peng, Yanan Wu, Ying Wei, Yuan Liu, Lang Gong, Yongchang Cao, Chunyi Xue. Attenuation and characterization of porcine enteric alphacoronavirus strain GDS04 via serial cell passage. Veterinary Microbiology. 2019; 239 ():108489-108489.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhichao Xu; Ying Lin; Chuangchao Zou; Peng Peng; Yanan Wu; Ying Wei; Yuan Liu; Lang Gong; Yongchang Cao; Chunyi Xue. 2019. "Attenuation and characterization of porcine enteric alphacoronavirus strain GDS04 via serial cell passage." Veterinary Microbiology 239, no. : 108489-108489.
Disease caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), a highly oncogenic alpha-herpesvirus, is controlled mainly by vaccination. Since 1990s, CVI988 has been widely used as vaccine strain. However, as an attenuated live vaccine, CVI988 has the potential of virulence enhancement and the risk of recombination that should be considered. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome of a Chinese strain HNLC503 and found the close relationship between HNLC503 and CVI988. Further study indicated that HNLC503 had undergone recombination in US region, the same position as that previously occurred in Eurasian strains isolated from 2010 to 2014. By comparing ORFs, it was found that non-synonymous mutations were introduced in US2, US3, SORF4 and gD genes by recombination, while natural mutations occurred in RLORF1, vIL-8, UL36, VP22 and gE, in HNLC503. In summary, our study revealed the phenomenon of MDV vaccine strain recombination, warning that vaccine strains have the potential to enhance virulence through recombination.
Liangliang He; Jie Li; Peng Peng; Jingsong Nie; Jun Luo; Yongchang Cao; Chunyi Xue. Genomic analysis of a Chinese MDV strain derived from vaccine strain CVI988 through recombination. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2019, 78, 104045 .
AMA StyleLiangliang He, Jie Li, Peng Peng, Jingsong Nie, Jun Luo, Yongchang Cao, Chunyi Xue. Genomic analysis of a Chinese MDV strain derived from vaccine strain CVI988 through recombination. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2019; 78 ():104045.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiangliang He; Jie Li; Peng Peng; Jingsong Nie; Jun Luo; Yongchang Cao; Chunyi Xue. 2019. "Genomic analysis of a Chinese MDV strain derived from vaccine strain CVI988 through recombination." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 78, no. : 104045.
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are associated with many diseases, resulting in huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Since 2015, outbreaks of FAdV infections with high mortality rates have been reported in China. A continued surveillance of FAdVs contributes to understand the epidemiology of the viruses. We isolated 155 FAdV strains from diseased chickens from poultry in China between 2015 and 2018. PCR analysis determined that 123 samples were FAdV species C, 27 were FAdV species E, and five contained two different FAdV strains. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that these sequences of hexon regions were clustered into three distinct serotypes: FAdV-4 (79.4%, 123/155), FAdV-8a (13.5%, 21/155) and FAdV-8b (3.9%, 6/155), of which FAdV-4 was the dominant serotype in China. The characterization of newly prevalent FAdV strains provides valuable information for the development of an effective control strategy for FAdV infections in chickens.
Li Chen; Lijuan Yin; Qingfeng Zhou; Peng Peng; Yunping Du; Linlin Liu; Yun Zhang; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. Epidemiological investigation of fowl adenovirus infections in poultry in China during 2015–2018. BMC Veterinary Research 2019, 15, 1 -7.
AMA StyleLi Chen, Lijuan Yin, Qingfeng Zhou, Peng Peng, Yunping Du, Linlin Liu, Yun Zhang, Chunyi Xue, Yongchang Cao. Epidemiological investigation of fowl adenovirus infections in poultry in China during 2015–2018. BMC Veterinary Research. 2019; 15 (1):1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi Chen; Lijuan Yin; Qingfeng Zhou; Peng Peng; Yunping Du; Linlin Liu; Yun Zhang; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. 2019. "Epidemiological investigation of fowl adenovirus infections in poultry in China during 2015–2018." BMC Veterinary Research 15, no. 1: 1-7.
Members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family are the important effectors of the innate immune response against viral infections. However, it is still unknown whether porcine TRIM (pTRIM) genes may restrict the infection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). In this study, we firstly defined the entire pTRIM family. Fifty-seven pTRIMs were classified into 12 sub-families (C-I to C-XII) based on variable C-terminus, and 17 out of them were identified as positively selected genes. Nine pTRIMs were identified as the IFN-stimulated genes in IFN-β treated porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Twelve pTRIMs were regulated in PRRSV or PEDV-infected PAMs, respectively. The mRNA expression of the implicated restriction factors (pTRIM5, 14, 21, 25 and 38) was detectable in all swine tissues studied, with the high expression in the spleen and lung tissues. These results firstly present the comprehensive characterization of pTRIM genes, and suggest the pTRIM5, 14, 21, 25, and 38 genes as the implicated host restriction factors against PRRSV and PEDV infection, which provide a basis to further study the functions of pTRIMs and the mechanism by which pTRIMs may act during viral infection.
Ying Wei; Chuangchao Zou; Siying Zeng; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. Characterization of porcine tripartite motif genes as host restriction factors against PRRSV and PEDV infection. Virus Research 2019, 270, 197647 .
AMA StyleYing Wei, Chuangchao Zou, Siying Zeng, Chunyi Xue, Yongchang Cao. Characterization of porcine tripartite motif genes as host restriction factors against PRRSV and PEDV infection. Virus Research. 2019; 270 ():197647.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYing Wei; Chuangchao Zou; Siying Zeng; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. 2019. "Characterization of porcine tripartite motif genes as host restriction factors against PRRSV and PEDV infection." Virus Research 270, no. : 197647.
Influenza A viruses are dynamically epidemic and genetically diverse. Due to the antigenic drift and shift of the virus, seasonal vaccines are required to be reformulated annually to match with current circulating strains. However, the mismatch between vaccinal strains and circulating strains occurs frequently, resulting in the low efficacy of seasonal vaccines. Therefore, several “universal” vaccine candidates based on the structure and function of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein have been developed to meet the requirement of a broad protection against homo-/heterosubtypic challenges. Here, we review recent novel constructs and discuss several important findings regarding the broad protective efficacy of HA-based universal vaccines.
Yun Zhang; Cong Xu; George Dacai Liu; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. Targeting Hemagglutinin: Approaches for Broad Protection against the Influenza A Virus. Viruses 2019, 11, 405 .
AMA StyleYun Zhang, Cong Xu, George Dacai Liu, Chunyi Xue, Yongchang Cao. Targeting Hemagglutinin: Approaches for Broad Protection against the Influenza A Virus. Viruses. 2019; 11 (5):405.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYun Zhang; Cong Xu; George Dacai Liu; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. 2019. "Targeting Hemagglutinin: Approaches for Broad Protection against the Influenza A Virus." Viruses 11, no. 5: 405.
Avian influenza A H7N9 virus has caused five outbreak waves of human infections in China since 2013 and posed a dual challenge to public health and poultry industry. The number of reported H7N9 virus human cases confirmed by laboratory has surpassed that of H5N1 virus. However, the mechanism for how H7N9 influenza virus overcomes host range barrier has not been clearly understood. To generate mouse-adapted H7N9 influenza viruses, we passaged three avian-origin H7N9 viruses in mice by lung-to-lung passages independently. Then, the characteristics between the parental and mouse-adapted H7N9 viruses was compared in the following aspects, including virulence in mice, tropism of different tissues, replication in MDCK cells and molecular mutations. After ten passages in mice, MLD50 of the H7N9 viruses reduced >750-3,160,000 folds, and virus titers in MDCK cells increased 10-200 folds at 48 hours post-inoculation. Moreover, the mouse-adapted H7N9 viruses showed more expanded tissue tropism and more serious lung pathological lesions in mice. Further analysis of the amino acids changes revealed 10 amino acid substitutions located in PB2 (E627K), PB1 (W215R and D638G), PA (T97I), HA (H3 numbering: R220G, L226S, G279R and G493R) and NA (P3Q and R134I) proteins. Moreover, PB2 E627K substitution was shared by the three mouse-adapted viruses (two viruses belong to YRD lineage and one virus belongs to PRD lineage), and PA T97A substitution was shared by two mouse-adapted viruses (belong to YRD lineage). Our result indicated that the virulence in mice and virus titer in MDCK cells of H7N9 viruses significantly increased after adapted in mouse model. PB2 E627K and PA T97A substitutions are vital in mouse adaption and should be monitored during epidemiological study of H7N9 virus.
Jianru Qin; Ouyang Peng; Xiaoting Shen; Lang Gong; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. Multiple amino acid substitutions involved in the adaption of three avian-origin H7N9 influenza viruses in mice. Virology Journal 2019, 16, 1 -9.
AMA StyleJianru Qin, Ouyang Peng, Xiaoting Shen, Lang Gong, Chunyi Xue, Yongchang Cao. Multiple amino acid substitutions involved in the adaption of three avian-origin H7N9 influenza viruses in mice. Virology Journal. 2019; 16 (1):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJianru Qin; Ouyang Peng; Xiaoting Shen; Lang Gong; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. 2019. "Multiple amino acid substitutions involved in the adaption of three avian-origin H7N9 influenza viruses in mice." Virology Journal 16, no. 1: 1-9.
Liangliang He; Jie Li; Yun Zhang; Jun Luo; Yongchang Cao; Chunyi Xue. Corrigendum to “Phylogenetic and molecular epidemiological studies reveal evidence of recombination among Marek's disease viruses” [Virology 516 (2018) 202–209]. Virology 2018, 525, 248 .
AMA StyleLiangliang He, Jie Li, Yun Zhang, Jun Luo, Yongchang Cao, Chunyi Xue. Corrigendum to “Phylogenetic and molecular epidemiological studies reveal evidence of recombination among Marek's disease viruses” [Virology 516 (2018) 202–209]. Virology. 2018; 525 ():248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiangliang He; Jie Li; Yun Zhang; Jun Luo; Yongchang Cao; Chunyi Xue. 2018. "Corrigendum to “Phylogenetic and molecular epidemiological studies reveal evidence of recombination among Marek's disease viruses” [Virology 516 (2018) 202–209]." Virology 525, no. : 248.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs), including H5N6 strains, pose threats to the health of humans and poultry. Waterfowl play a crucial role in HPAIVs. Since current influenza vaccines induce poor antibody titer in waterfowl, to develop an efficient vaccine against H5N6 infection is in urgent need. In this study, we composed two H5N6 virus-like particles (VLPs) composed of matrix-1 (M1) and hemagglutinin of wild-type (HA-TM) or hemagglutinin with transmembrane domain replacement (HA-TMH3) (designated as H5N6 VLPs-TM and H5N6 VLPs-TMH3). Biological characteristics of the composed H5N6 VLPs were compared including localization, expression, contents of HA trimers, thermal stability, morphology and immunogenicity in Muscovy ducks. Our results indicate that the H5N6 VLPs-TMH3 contained more HA trimers and presented better thermal stability. Moreover, Muscovy ducks immunized with H5N6 VLPs-TMH3 produced higher titer of HI antibody and IFN-γ compared with those immunized with the same dose of H5N6 VLP-TM, thus providing a promising approach for the development of influenza viruses vaccines for waterfowl.
Jianru Qin; Yun Zhang; Xiaoting Shen; Lang Gong; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. Biological characteristics and immunological properties in Muscovy ducks of H5N6 virus-like particles composed of HA-TM/HA-TMH3 and M1. Avian Pathology 2018, 48, 35 -44.
AMA StyleJianru Qin, Yun Zhang, Xiaoting Shen, Lang Gong, Chunyi Xue, Yongchang Cao. Biological characteristics and immunological properties in Muscovy ducks of H5N6 virus-like particles composed of HA-TM/HA-TMH3 and M1. Avian Pathology. 2018; 48 (1):35-44.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJianru Qin; Yun Zhang; Xiaoting Shen; Lang Gong; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. 2018. "Biological characteristics and immunological properties in Muscovy ducks of H5N6 virus-like particles composed of HA-TM/HA-TMH3 and M1." Avian Pathology 48, no. 1: 35-44.
As a novel duck adenovirus 3 (DAdV-3) infection caused significant economic losses to the poultry industry in China, there is an urgent need to develop a safe and effective vaccine. In the research, fiber-1 and fiber-2 proteins were expressed and purified, respectively. To evaluate the immunogenicity of the two recombinant proteins, we investigated the IgY antibodies and virus-neutralizing antibodies in duck sera. The protective efficacy was evaluated by mortality, virus shedding and histopathological examinations after challenged with the DAdV-3. Results showed that the IgY antibody levels of the fiber-2 group was significantly higher than that of the fiber-1 group and inactivated vaccine group. Ducks vaccinated with fiber-2 group provided full protection with no mortality, no virus shedding and no histological lesions, superior to other groups. These results suggest that the fiber-2 protein can be an ideal candidate for subunit vaccine against the disease.
Lijuan Yin; Li Chen; Yangyang Luo; Limiao Lin; Qunhui Li; Peng Peng; Yunping Du; Zhichao Xu; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao; Qingfeng Zhou. Recombinant fiber-2 protein protects Muscovy ducks against duck adenovirus 3 (DAdV-3). Virology 2018, 526, 99 -104.
AMA StyleLijuan Yin, Li Chen, Yangyang Luo, Limiao Lin, Qunhui Li, Peng Peng, Yunping Du, Zhichao Xu, Chunyi Xue, Yongchang Cao, Qingfeng Zhou. Recombinant fiber-2 protein protects Muscovy ducks against duck adenovirus 3 (DAdV-3). Virology. 2018; 526 ():99-104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLijuan Yin; Li Chen; Yangyang Luo; Limiao Lin; Qunhui Li; Peng Peng; Yunping Du; Zhichao Xu; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao; Qingfeng Zhou. 2018. "Recombinant fiber-2 protein protects Muscovy ducks against duck adenovirus 3 (DAdV-3)." Virology 526, no. : 99-104.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is emerging as a pathogenic coronavirus that causes a huge economic burden to the swine industry. Interaction of the viral spike (S) surface glycoprotein with the host cell receptor is recognized as the first step of infection and is the main determinant of virus tropism. The mechanisms by which neutralizing antibodies inhibit PEDV have not been defined. Isolating PEDV neutralizing antibodies are crucial to identifying the receptor-binding domains of the viral spike and elucidating the mechanism of protection against PEDV infection. B cell hybridoma technique was used to generate hybridoma cells that secrete specific antibodies. E.coli prokaryotic expression system and Bac-to-Bac expression system were used to identify the target protein of each monoclonal antibody. qPCR was performed to analyze PEDV binding to Vero E6 cells with neutralizing antibody. We identified 10 monoclonal antibodies using hybridoma technology. Remarkably, 4 mAbs (designed 2G8, 2B11, 3D9, 1E3) neutralized virus infection potently, of which 2B11 and 1E3 targeted the conformational epitope of the PEDV S protein. qPCR results showed that both 2B11 and 2G8 blocked virus entry into Vero cells. The data suggested that PEDV neutralizing antibody inhibited virus infection by binding to infectious virions, which could work as a tool to find the receptor-binding domains.
Lang Gong; Ying Lin; Jianru Qin; Qianniu Li; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. Neutralizing antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus block virus attachment and internalization. Virology Journal 2018, 15, 133 .
AMA StyleLang Gong, Ying Lin, Jianru Qin, Qianniu Li, Chunyi Xue, Yongchang Cao. Neutralizing antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus block virus attachment and internalization. Virology Journal. 2018; 15 (1):133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLang Gong; Ying Lin; Jianru Qin; Qianniu Li; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. 2018. "Neutralizing antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus block virus attachment and internalization." Virology Journal 15, no. 1: 133.
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly contagious disease, which causes economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. To control the disease, biosecurity and vaccination are required. In the current research, we rapidly attenuated a QX-like IBV field strain ZYY-2014 using passage in embryos at limiting dilution and tested the safety and efficacy of the attenuated Chinese QX-like IBV strain ZYYR-2014 in 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens through spray route. Our result revealed that the attenuated strain presented a decreased pathogenicity in 1-day-old chickens. The strain ZYY-2014 inoculated birds presented typical IBV clinical signs with a mortality of 43%, while the attenuated strain ZYYR-2014 inoculated birds remained healthy. The strain ZYYR-2014 also presented stronger antibody responses and lower viral loads in tracheas, lungs and kidneys. When vaccinated through spray route into 1-day-old SPF chickens, our data suggest a potential of the attenuated ZYYR-2014 strain as a vaccine candidate applied in hatchery, which can contribute in preventing the QX-like IBV infections. Furthermore, attenuation by passage at limiting dilution could be applied for rapid vaccine development against emerging strains.
Yun Zhang; Songjian Huang; Yuyao Zeng; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. Rapid development and evaluation of a live-attenuated QX-like infectious bronchitis virus vaccine. Vaccine 2018, 36, 4245 -4254.
AMA StyleYun Zhang, Songjian Huang, Yuyao Zeng, Chunyi Xue, Yongchang Cao. Rapid development and evaluation of a live-attenuated QX-like infectious bronchitis virus vaccine. Vaccine. 2018; 36 (29):4245-4254.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYun Zhang; Songjian Huang; Yuyao Zeng; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. 2018. "Rapid development and evaluation of a live-attenuated QX-like infectious bronchitis virus vaccine." Vaccine 36, no. 29: 4245-4254.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an important re-emergent infectious disease and inflicts huge economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. To meet the pressing need of developing a safe and cost-efficient PED maternal vaccine, we generated three PED subunit vaccine candidates, using recombined Salmonella flagellin (rSF) as a mucosal molecular adjuvant. Domain D3 in rSF was replaced with COE domain of PEDV to generate rSF-COE-3D. COE fused to the flanking C′/N′ terminal of rSF yielded rSF-COE-C and rSF-COE-N. As a result, rSF-COE-3D could significantly improve COE specific antibody production including serum IgG, serum IgA, mucosal IgA and PEDV neutralizing antibody. Furthermore, rSF-COE-3D elicited more CD3+CD8+ T cell and cytokine production of IFN-γ and IL-4 in mouse splenocytes. In summary, our data showed that rSF-COE-3D could improve specific humoral and mucosal immunity in mice, thus suggesting that rSF-COE-3D could be applied as a novel efficient maternal PED vaccine.
Qianniu Li; Ouyang Peng; Tingting Wu; Zhichao Xu; Licheng Huang; Yun Zhang; Chunyi Xue; Zhifen Wen; Qingfeng Zhou; Yongchang Cao. PED subunit vaccine based on COE domain replacement of flagellin domain D3 improved specific humoral and mucosal immunity in mice. Vaccine 2018, 36, 1381 -1388.
AMA StyleQianniu Li, Ouyang Peng, Tingting Wu, Zhichao Xu, Licheng Huang, Yun Zhang, Chunyi Xue, Zhifen Wen, Qingfeng Zhou, Yongchang Cao. PED subunit vaccine based on COE domain replacement of flagellin domain D3 improved specific humoral and mucosal immunity in mice. Vaccine. 2018; 36 (11):1381-1388.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQianniu Li; Ouyang Peng; Tingting Wu; Zhichao Xu; Licheng Huang; Yun Zhang; Chunyi Xue; Zhifen Wen; Qingfeng Zhou; Yongchang Cao. 2018. "PED subunit vaccine based on COE domain replacement of flagellin domain D3 improved specific humoral and mucosal immunity in mice." Vaccine 36, no. 11: 1381-1388.
Marek's disease has brought enormous loss in chicken production worldwide and the increasing virulence of Marek's disease virus (MDV) became a severe problem. To better understand the genetic basis underlying, a Chinese MDV strain HNGS101 isolated from immunized chickens was sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis implied that HNGS101 showed more relatedness to Eurasian strains than GaHV-2 circulating in North America. Recombination networks analysis showed the evidence of recombination among MDV strains, and several recombination events in the UL and US region were found. Further analysis indicated that the HNGS101 strain seemed to be generated by the recombination of the earliest Eurasian strains and North American strains in the US region, which may be responsible for the MD outbreaks in China. In summary,this is the first report to demonstrate recombination events among MDV strains, which may shed light on the mechanism of virulence enhancement.
Liangliang He; Jie Li; Yun Zhang; Jun Luo; Yongchang Cao; Chunyi Xue. Phylogenetic and molecular epidemiological studies reveal evidence of recombination among Marek's disease viruses. Virology 2018, 516, 202 -209.
AMA StyleLiangliang He, Jie Li, Yun Zhang, Jun Luo, Yongchang Cao, Chunyi Xue. Phylogenetic and molecular epidemiological studies reveal evidence of recombination among Marek's disease viruses. Virology. 2018; 516 ():202-209.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiangliang He; Jie Li; Yun Zhang; Jun Luo; Yongchang Cao; Chunyi Xue. 2018. "Phylogenetic and molecular epidemiological studies reveal evidence of recombination among Marek's disease viruses." Virology 516, no. : 202-209.
Since a novel hyper-virulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) infection occurred in 2015, the novel FAdV-4 has been widely spreading across China, causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry. As the urgency of the issue calls for effective and efficient solutions, the present study investigated the possibility of the fiber-2 protein of the FAdV-4 to serve as a vaccine candidate against the novel FAdV-4. In the research, fiber-2 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, and then purified. To evaluate the immunogenicity of the recombinant fiber-2 protein, we investigated both the humoral and cellular immune responses in chickens immunized with fiber-2. The humoral immunity was assessed by detecting IgY antibodies and virus-neutralizing antibodies in chicken serum at 7, 14, 21 days post-immunization (dpi). We examined cellular immune responses by detecting CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ changes in chickens' peripheral blood through using flow cytometry at 7, 14, 21 dpi. The cytokine production in the serum of the immunized chickens was detected by ELISA at 7, 14, 21 dpi to further explore the impact of the recombinant protein on the regulation of cytokines. The protective efficacy was determined by the survival rate of the immunized chickens challenged with the novel FAdV-4. The results show that the level of IgY antibodies of the chickens immunized with fiber-2 protein was significantly higher than that of the chickens immunized with an inactivated vaccine against FAdV-4. Moreover, 7 days after immunization, the CD4+ T-cell proliferative response of the chickens immunized with fiber-2 was significantly higher than that of the chickens immunized with the inactivated vaccine. Challenge experiment showed that the fiber-2 protein could provide full protection and the inactivated vaccine could provide 90 percent protection against the FAdV-4. These results suggest that the recombinant fiber-2 protein can be an ideal candidate for subunit vaccines against the disease.
Li Chen; Lijuan Yin; Qingfeng Zhou; Qunhui Li; Yangyang Luo; Zhichao Xu; Yun Zhang; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant fiber-2 protein in protecting SPF chickens against fowl adenovirus 4. Vaccine 2018, 36, 1203 -1208.
AMA StyleLi Chen, Lijuan Yin, Qingfeng Zhou, Qunhui Li, Yangyang Luo, Zhichao Xu, Yun Zhang, Chunyi Xue, Yongchang Cao. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant fiber-2 protein in protecting SPF chickens against fowl adenovirus 4. Vaccine. 2018; 36 (9):1203-1208.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi Chen; Lijuan Yin; Qingfeng Zhou; Qunhui Li; Yangyang Luo; Zhichao Xu; Yun Zhang; Chunyi Xue; Yongchang Cao. 2018. "Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant fiber-2 protein in protecting SPF chickens against fowl adenovirus 4." Vaccine 36, no. 9: 1203-1208.