A naturally modified cellulose: Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth and an important component of bacterial biofilms. Thongsomboon et al. used solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify a naturally derived, chemically modified cellulose, phosphoethanolamine cellulose (see the Perspective by Galperin and Shalaeva). They went on to identify the genetic basis and molecular signaling involved in introducing this modification in bacteria, which regulates biofilm matrix architecture and function. This discovery has implications for understanding bacterial biofilms and for the generation of new cellulosic materials. Science , this issue p. 334 ; see also p. 276

The propensity of bacteria to grow collectively in communities known as biofilms and their ability to overcome clinical treatments in this condition has become a major medical problem, emphasizing the need for anti-biofilm strategies. Antagonistic microbial interactions have extensively served as searching platforms for antibiotics, but their potential as sources for anti-biofilm compounds has barely been exploited. By screening for microorganisms that in agar-set pairwise interactions could antagonize Escherichia coli’s ability to form macrocolony biofilms, we found that the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis strongly inhibits the synthesis of amyloid fibers –known as curli-, which are the primary extracellular matrix (ECM) components of E. coli biofilms. We identified bacillaene, a B. subtilis hybrid non-ribosomal peptide/polyketide metabolite, previously described as a bacteriostatic antibiotic, as the effector molecule. We found that bacillaene combines both antibiotic and anti-curli functions in a concentration-dependent order that potentiates the ecological competitiveness of B. subtilis, highlighting bacillaene as a metabolite naturally optimized for microbial inhibition. Our studies revealed that bacillaene inhibits curli by directly impeding the assembly of the CsgB and CsgA curli subunits into amyloid fibers. Moreover, we found that curli inhibition occurs despite E. coli attempts to reinforce its protective ECM by inducing curli genes via a RpoS-mediated competition sensing response trigged by the threatening presence of B. subtilis. Overall, our findings illustrate the relevance of exploring microbial interactions not only for finding compounds with unknown and unique activities, but for uncovering additional functions of compounds previously categorized as antibiotics.

The presence of Mn(II) in groundwater, a common source of drinking water, is a cause of water quality impairment, interfering with its disinfection, causing operation problems, and affecting human health. Purification of groundwater containing Mn(II) plays an important role in environmental and social safety.

Microbial biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that exist in various environments, including natural and human-built systems and have a significant economic impact on a global scale. In addition to their detrimental impacts, biofilms have been extensively studied for their potential benefits. In agriculture, biofilms are considered key organisational structures of microbes, exploited as biofertilisers, biostimulants, and biocontrol agents, with the potential to enhance soil health and plant growth. Despite ongoing research, there are still large knowledge gaps in the understanding of the mechanisms governing interaction between biofilms and plants, and how these can be manipulated to promote sustainable agriculture. The UK’s National Biofilms Innovation Centre [NBIC] and Argentine researchers have established a dialogue aimed at addressing these gaps and improving agricultural productivity through the integration of new technologies that can promote soil health whilst reducing environmental impact. Future research collaborations between the two countries in this area could have significant benefits for global agricultural innovation and the development of sustainable food systems. This publication takes on a ‘white paper’ format, consolidating complex discussions from a workshop between NBIC and Argentine researchers. It offers a comprehensive summary encompassing the insights, perspectives, and outcomes generated during the discussions among the participants, pinpointing three key priority areas for collaborative activities that were identified: (1) Using plant root biofilm composition as a sensor for soil health and to optimise interventions, (2) Biofilms and soil health resilience in a changing environment, (3) Intelligent seeds and innovative / automated large-scale monitoring systems. For the three identified priority areas, the early engagement of end-users [farmers] will be paramount to maximise technology adoption. Commitment from the governments and support from funding bodies in both countries will be essential for the establishment of robust research programmes and long-term successful collaborations between researchers, industry and end users.