Soil evaporation (Es) and crop transpiration (Tc) are important components of water balance in cropping systems. Comparing the accurate calculation by crop models of Es and Tc to the measured evaporation and transpiration has significant advances to the optimal configuration of water resource and evaluation of the accuracy of crop models in estimating water consumption. To evaluate the adaptation of APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems simulator) in calculating the Es and Tc in Nanjing, APSIM model parameters, including the meteorological and soil parameters, were measured from a two-year field experiment. The results showed that: (1) The simulated evaporation was basically consistent with the measured Es, and the regulated model can effectively present the field evaporation in the whole maize growth period (R² = 0.85, D = 0.96, p < 0.001); and (2) The trend of the simulated Tc can present the actual Tc variation, but the accuracy was not as high as the evaporation (R² = 0.74, D = 0.87, p < 0.001), therefore, the simulation of water balance process by APSIM will be helpful in calculating Es and Tc in a humid area of Nanjing, and its application also could predict the production of maize fields in Nanjing.

Introduction: The equipment manufacturing industry is a key source of industrial carbon emissions in China. To assess its environmental impact comprehensively, this study introduces the concept of carbon footprint pressure (ECFP) integrating both carbon sources and vegetation carbon sinks. Methods: Based on provincial panel data from 2003 to 2020, the study combines LMDI decomposition, Tapio decoupling, and extended STIRPAT spatial econometric models to analyze temporal and spatial evolution patterns and influencing factors. Results: The ECFP in China's equipment manufacturing industry shows an overall upward trend, spreading from coastal to inland provinces. Employment, economic expansion, and technological effects are key drivers. Some eastern regions achieve weak decoupling between economic growth and ECFP, while central and western regions show unstable coupling. Discussion: Green technology innovation and industrial upgrading can mitigate ECFP both locally and across neighboring regions. The results provide a theoretical basis for regional emission reduction and coordinated low-carbon development.