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Prof. Kenji Uchino
The Pennsylvania State University

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 piezoelectric actuators
0 piezoelectric energy harvesting
0 Photostriction
0 High power Piezoelectrics
0 Multilayer actuators

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Journal article
Published: 21 May 2021 in Journal of the European Ceramic Society
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The IEEE standard to determine physical parameters of piezoceramics has been utilized for decades by many researchers, yet it omits presence of important loss factors and possesses serious deficits that restrict accurate parameter determination. To resolve these issues, the partial electrode (PE) method was previously proposed, though the focus has been merely made on development of the method itself. In this study, we provide method simplification and more detailed analysis. The omission of unnecessary samples greatly boosts experiment and analysis process. To prove that the PE method is reliable, possible causes of errors were investigated; it is shown that they were either negligibly small or can be resolved with proper calibration. Furthermore, Applicability of PE method to various types of piezoceramic materials and compatibility with impedance analyzers are shown. Finally, PE method is proved to be reliable and can be alternative to IEEE Standard on Piezoelectricity.

ACS Style

Yoonsang Park; Hossein Daneshpajooh; Timo Scholehwar; Eberhard Hennig; Kenji Uchino. Partial electrode method for loss and physical parameter determination of piezoceramics: Simplification, error investigation and applicability. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 2021, 41, 5900 -5908.

AMA Style

Yoonsang Park, Hossein Daneshpajooh, Timo Scholehwar, Eberhard Hennig, Kenji Uchino. Partial electrode method for loss and physical parameter determination of piezoceramics: Simplification, error investigation and applicability. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2021; 41 (12):5900-5908.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yoonsang Park; Hossein Daneshpajooh; Timo Scholehwar; Eberhard Hennig; Kenji Uchino. 2021. "Partial electrode method for loss and physical parameter determination of piezoceramics: Simplification, error investigation and applicability." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 41, no. 12: 5900-5908.

Extended abstract
Published: 14 April 2021 in Engineering Proceedings
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Energy harvesting from wasted or unused power has been a topic of discussion for a long time. We developed ‘damper devices’ for precision machinery and automobile engine mats in the 1980s. However, in the 1990s we realized that electric energy dissipation on its own was useless, and started to accumulate the converted electric energy into a rechargeable battery. Historically, this was the starting point of ‘piezoelectric energy harvesting devices’.

ACS Style

Kenji Uchino. Misconceptions in Piezoelectric Energy-Harvesting System Development. Engineering Proceedings 2021, 4, 1 .

AMA Style

Kenji Uchino. Misconceptions in Piezoelectric Energy-Harvesting System Development. Engineering Proceedings. 2021; 4 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kenji Uchino. 2021. "Misconceptions in Piezoelectric Energy-Harvesting System Development." Engineering Proceedings 4, no. 1: 1.

Articles
Published: 09 December 2020 in Ferroelectrics
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The bottleneck of the piezoelectric devices in miniaturization is the heat generation owing to the losses. There are three losses in a piezoelectric material; dielectric, elastic and piezoelectric losses. The development of high-power density piezoelectrics is directly relevant to the clarification of the loss mechanisms in such materials. This article describes the characterization methodologies of high-power piezoelectrics, in particular, in determining the three losses separately. There are two categories for the measuring methods: (1) electrical excitation method, and (2) mechanical excitation method. The former is basically admittance/impedance measurement via the output current over the input voltage, further classified into four methods; (a) constant voltage, (b) constant current, (c) constant vibration velocity, and (d) constant input energy. To the contrary, the latter is basically the transient mechanical vibration ring-down measurement under various electrical constraint conditions. The key is to obtain precise values of both mechanical quality factors at resonance QA and at antiresonance QB, regardless of measuring techniques, so that we can determine the piezoelectric loss precisely. The difference of QM between the resonance and antiresonance is originated from the electromechanical coupling factor k2 loss,(k2″k2′)=(2 tan θ′− tan δ′− tan ϕ′). Depending on the sign of the k2 loss, more efficient driving frequency can be derived rather than the conventional ‘resonance’ frequency.

ACS Style

Kenji Uchino. High power piezoelectric characterization system (HiPoCS™). Ferroelectrics 2020, 569, 21 -49.

AMA Style

Kenji Uchino. High power piezoelectric characterization system (HiPoCS™). Ferroelectrics. 2020; 569 (1):21-49.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kenji Uchino. 2020. "High power piezoelectric characterization system (HiPoCS™)." Ferroelectrics 569, no. 1: 21-49.

Journal article
Published: 05 October 2020 in IEEE Access
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Heat generation by internal loss factors of piezoelectrics is one of the critical issues for high power density piezoelectric applications, such as ultrasonic motors, piezoelectric actuators and transducers. There are three types of internal losses in piezoelectric materials, namely dielectric, elastic and piezoelectric losses. In this paper, a decoupled equivalent circuit is proposed to emulate a piezoelectric disk in radial vibration mode considering all three types of internal losses. First, the decoupled equivalent circuit is derived according to the conventional electromechanical equivalent circuit model. Then, a piezoelectric disk configuration in radial vibration mode is explored and simulated. The resonance and antiresonance frequencies and their corresponding mechanical quality factors are achieved by the proposed circuit. In order to verify the accuracy of the simulation results, the piezoelectric disk is fabricated and tested. Simulation results with the new circuit exhibit a good agreement with experimental results. Finally, the equivalent circuit with only dielectric and elastic losses are simulated and compared which further validates the accuracy improvement of the new equivalent circuit considering all three losses.

ACS Style

Xiaoxiao Dong; Kenji Uchino; Chunrong Jiang; Long Jin; Zhike Xu; Yue Yuan. Electromechanical Equivalent Circuit Model of a Piezoelectric Disk Considering Three Internal Losses. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 181848 -181854.

AMA Style

Xiaoxiao Dong, Kenji Uchino, Chunrong Jiang, Long Jin, Zhike Xu, Yue Yuan. Electromechanical Equivalent Circuit Model of a Piezoelectric Disk Considering Three Internal Losses. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):181848-181854.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoxiao Dong; Kenji Uchino; Chunrong Jiang; Long Jin; Zhike Xu; Yue Yuan. 2020. "Electromechanical Equivalent Circuit Model of a Piezoelectric Disk Considering Three Internal Losses." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 181848-181854.

Tutorial
Published: 23 September 2020 in Actuators
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Physical properties of lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) ceramics change according to the initial electric poling process and electrical boundary conditions. This paper reports the electrothermal, piezothermal, and piezoelectric coupling phenomena in ferroelectrics from thermodynamics viewpoints, in particular, thermal property differences between unpoled and poled PZT’s in the poling direction for open circuit and short circuit conditions. We propose a new terminology, “secondary electrothermal” coupling factor kλ, which is analogous to the electromechanical coupling factor k, relating the elastic compliances under short- and open-circuit conditions, in order to explain the fact that the short-circuit condition exhibited the larger thermal diffusivity than the open-circuit condition. On the other hand, the unpoled specimen exhibits the lowest thermal diffusivity. This tutorial paper was authored for providing comprehensive knowledge on equilibrium and time-dependent thermodynamics in ferroelectrics.

ACS Style

Kenji Uchino. Electrothermal Phenomena in Ferroelectrics. Actuators 2020, 9, 93 .

AMA Style

Kenji Uchino. Electrothermal Phenomena in Ferroelectrics. Actuators. 2020; 9 (4):93.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kenji Uchino. 2020. "Electrothermal Phenomena in Ferroelectrics." Actuators 9, no. 4: 93.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2019 in Review of Scientific Instruments
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High power piezoelectric devices are often subjected to external mechanical biases, in applications such as underwater transducers. While the performance of these devices under external pressure has been rather extensively studied, there is a lack of study on the loss mechanism in terms of three dielectric, elastic, and piezoelectric losses. Thus, in this paper, we study the mechanical bias stress dependence of the loss mechanism in a soft piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) from a scientific viewpoint, using an equivalent circuit methodology based on the fundamental longitudinal mode. In order to measure the loss behavior, a modified bolt-clamped Langevin transducer was designed and optimized using finite element analysis in order to facilitate the analysis easier. We present the preliminary experimental part of our project on the design of the proposed structure/methodology, material creep behavior, stress relaxation, and uniform stress distribution, in order to minimize the experimental errors. We also introduce a six terminal equivalent circuit analysis in order to determine three losses in the PZT specimen. The resonance/antiresonance frequencies and quality factors showed monotonous increase under compressive stress. Loss factors for one PZT composition are reported in this paper to show the feasibility of our methodology for measuring the uniaxial compressive stress dependence.

ACS Style

H. Daneshpajooh; M. Choi; Y. Park; T. Scholehwar; E. Hennig; K. Uchino. Compressive stress effect on the loss mechanism in a soft piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3. Review of Scientific Instruments 2019, 90, 075001 .

AMA Style

H. Daneshpajooh, M. Choi, Y. Park, T. Scholehwar, E. Hennig, K. Uchino. Compressive stress effect on the loss mechanism in a soft piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3. Review of Scientific Instruments. 2019; 90 (7):075001.

Chicago/Turabian Style

H. Daneshpajooh; M. Choi; Y. Park; T. Scholehwar; E. Hennig; K. Uchino. 2019. "Compressive stress effect on the loss mechanism in a soft piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3." Review of Scientific Instruments 90, no. 7: 075001.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2019 in Japanese Journal of Applied Physics
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The field of piezoelectric actuators is really an interdisciplinary area, to which applied physicists and materials, electrical and mechanical engineers primarily converge. Because of the narrow knowledge of junior researchers, they occasionally publish misleading information, some sort of misconceptions, reflected in the delay of innovative developments of the next generation. This paper reviews the top 10 of these misconceptions, which are primarily related to the understanding of ionic displacement and strain, efficiency, the energy transmission coefficient, the constraint dependency of piezo-material properties, mechanical impedance matching, the piezoelectric damping mechanism, resonance and antiresonance, best-selling devices, and system design principles.

ACS Style

Kenji Uchino. Introduction to piezoelectric actuators: research misconceptions and rectifications. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 2019, 58, SG0803 .

AMA Style

Kenji Uchino. Introduction to piezoelectric actuators: research misconceptions and rectifications. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. 2019; 58 (SG):SG0803.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kenji Uchino. 2019. "Introduction to piezoelectric actuators: research misconceptions and rectifications." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 58, no. SG: SG0803.

Journal article
Published: 14 March 2019 in Insight - Material Science
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Piezoelectric actuator developments require interdisciplinary knowledge on materials physics, electrical designing and mechanical engineering. Because of the limited knowledge of newly-involved researchers, they occasionally publish misleading information, some sort of misconceptions, reflected in the delay of innovative developments of the next generation. This paper is Part II of a series of my tutorial course, and reviews the popular 10 among the researchers’ misconceptions primarily related with the misunderstanding of ‘voltage and electric field’, ‘ionic displacement and strain’, ‘thin film fabrication’, ‘energy transmission coefficient’, ‘thin film device designing’, ‘piezoelectric vibration damping’, ‘mechanical impedance matching’, ‘piezoelectric energy harvesting”, ‘resonance & anti-resonance’, ‘best-selling devices’, and provides rectifications, aiming at their future progress.

ACS Style

Kenji Uchino. Introduction to Piezoelectric Actuators: Research Misconceptions and Rectifications - Part II. Insight - Material Science 2019, 2, 29 -56.

AMA Style

Kenji Uchino. Introduction to Piezoelectric Actuators: Research Misconceptions and Rectifications - Part II. Insight - Material Science. 2019; 2 (1):29-56.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kenji Uchino. 2019. "Introduction to Piezoelectric Actuators: Research Misconceptions and Rectifications - Part II." Insight - Material Science 2, no. 1: 29-56.

Journal article
Published: 09 October 2018 in Ceramics International
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Shear vibration mode of piezoelectric ceramic has been widely used in energy harvesting for its high electromechanical coupling coefficient (k15) and high piezoelectric constant (d15). In this study, the effects of dimensions on the piezoelectric shear performance of PZT-5A type ceramic were initially studied with ATILA/GiD finite element simulation to improve k15, and verified by experiments. We found out k15 dominantly correlates with the ratio of width to thickness, and dimension optimization was conducted for the first and high order shear vibrations. As a result, a maximum electromechanical coupling coefficient for k15 shear-mode reaching 0.612 was obtained in the first order harmonics. It is worth to note that the dimension ratio for optimized electro-mechanical coupling factor were in a similar scale regardless of the order of harmonics. In addition to the dimension optimization, the effect of mode coupling between shear vibration mode and unwanted mode was also investigated. The coupling between two vibrations did not only affect electromechanical coupling coefficient but also distorted resonance peak spectrum. Thus, the dimension ratios to avoid mode coupling was provided as the length should far away from the thickness. Finally, the effects of dimensions on mechanical quality factor were examined and the results were discussed. The mechanical quality factor will decrease when the mode coupling happens.

ACS Style

Lei Qin; Junbo Jia; Minkyu Choi; Kenji Uchino. Improvement of electromechanical coupling coefficient in shear-mode of piezoelectric ceramics. Ceramics International 2018, 45, 1496 -1502.

AMA Style

Lei Qin, Junbo Jia, Minkyu Choi, Kenji Uchino. Improvement of electromechanical coupling coefficient in shear-mode of piezoelectric ceramics. Ceramics International. 2018; 45 (2):1496-1502.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Qin; Junbo Jia; Minkyu Choi; Kenji Uchino. 2018. "Improvement of electromechanical coupling coefficient in shear-mode of piezoelectric ceramics." Ceramics International 45, no. 2: 1496-1502.

Conference paper
Published: 26 July 2018 in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
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Energy harvesting from wasted or unused power has been the topic of discussion for a long time. This paper focuses on harvesting energy from mechanical vibrations using piezoelectric transducers. We will consider comprehensively three major phases/steps associated with piezoelectric energy harvesting: (i) mechanical-mechanical energy transfer, including mechanical stability of the piezoelectric transducer under large stresses, and mechanical impedance matching, (ii) mechanical-electrical energy transduction, relating with the electromechanical coupling factor in the composite transducer structure, and (iii) electrical-electrical energy transfer, including electrical impedance matching, such as a DC/DC converter to accumulate the energy into a rechargeable battery. The problem found in the current research teams is on a narrow research area of each above phase. In order to provide comprehensive strategies on how to improve the efficiency of the harvesting system, I provide a general guideline for piezoelectric energy harvesting systems. We dealt with detailed energy flow analysis in piezoelectric energy harvesting systems with stiff "Cymbals" (~100 mW) and flexible piezoelectric transducers (~1 mW) under cyclic mechanical load, in order to provide comprehensive strategies on how to improve the efficiency of the harvesting system. Energy transfer rates are practically evaluated for all three steps above. For your information, the former "Cymbal" is to be applied to the automobile engine vibration, while the latter flexible transducer is to the human-wearable energy-harvesting system. We should also point out here that there is another research school of piezo-energy harvesting; that is, small energy harvesting (mW or lower) for signal transfer applications, where the efficiency is not a primary objective. This school usually treats a burst/pulse load to generate instantaneous electric energy for transmitting signals for a short period (100 ms ~ 10 s) without accumulating the electricity in a rechargeable battery. Successful piezoelectric products in the commercial market belong mostly to this category at present, including "LightningSwitch" [remote switch for room lights, with using a piezoelectric unimorph component], and the 25 mm caliber "Programmable Ammunition" [electricity generation with a multilayer piezo-actuator under shot impact], both of which were originally designed in our group (spin-off company, Micromechatronics Inc., State College, PA).

ACS Style

Kenji Uchino. Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018, 1052, 012002 .

AMA Style

Kenji Uchino. Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2018; 1052 (1):012002.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kenji Uchino. 2018. "Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1052, no. 1: 012002.

Article
Published: 24 April 2018 in Energy Technology
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In recent years, industrial and academic research units have focused on harvesting energy from mechanical vibrations using piezoelectric transducers. These efforts have provided the research guidelines and have brought in light the problems and limitations of the piezoelectric systems. There are three major phases associated with piezoelectric energy harvesting: (i) mechanical-mechanical energy transfer, including mechanical stability of the piezoelectric transducer under large stresses, and mechanical impedance matching, (ii) mechanical-electrical energy transduction, relating with the electromechanical coupling factor in the composite transducer structure, and (iii) electrical-electrical energy transfer, including electrical impedance matching, such as a DC/DC converter to accumulate the energy into a rechargeable battery. This paper starts from the historical background of piezoelectric energy harvesting, followed by several misconceptions by the current researchers. The main part deals with step-by-step detailed energy flow analysis in energy harvesting systems with PZT-based devices, in order to provide comprehensive strategies on how to improve the efficiency of the harvesting system.

ACS Style

Kenji Uchino. Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems—Essentials to Successful Developments. Energy Technology 2018, 6, 829 -848.

AMA Style

Kenji Uchino. Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems—Essentials to Successful Developments. Energy Technology. 2018; 6 (5):829-848.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kenji Uchino. 2018. "Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems—Essentials to Successful Developments." Energy Technology 6, no. 5: 829-848.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
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ACS Style

Shengjun Shi; Zhibo Huang; Junyi Yang; Yingxiang Liu; Weishan Chen; Kenji Uchino. Development of a compact ring type MDOF piezoelectric ultrasonic motor for humanoid eyeball orientation system. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2018, 272, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Shengjun Shi, Zhibo Huang, Junyi Yang, Yingxiang Liu, Weishan Chen, Kenji Uchino. Development of a compact ring type MDOF piezoelectric ultrasonic motor for humanoid eyeball orientation system. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 2018; 272 ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shengjun Shi; Zhibo Huang; Junyi Yang; Yingxiang Liu; Weishan Chen; Kenji Uchino. 2018. "Development of a compact ring type MDOF piezoelectric ultrasonic motor for humanoid eyeball orientation system." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 272, no. : 1-10.

Dataset
Published: 01 March 2018 in ENERGYO
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“Politico-engineering” in the twenty-first century is generating “Piezoelectric Actuator Renaissance” in the area of sustainability and crisis technologies in particular. This paper reviews the recent advances in materials, designing concepts, and new applications of piezoelectric actuators and describes the future perspectives of this area.

ACS Style

Kenji Uchino. Piezoelectric Actuator Renaissance. ENERGYO 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Kenji Uchino. Piezoelectric Actuator Renaissance. ENERGYO. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kenji Uchino. 2018. "Piezoelectric Actuator Renaissance." ENERGYO , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 08 February 2018 in Journal of the American Ceramic Society
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This paper concludes that the deterioration of the mechanical quality factor Qm when operated under high power, can be recovered by externally applying positive DC bias field. Material constants for piezoelectric ceramics are generally characterized under low power conditions. However, high-power properties deviate significantly from the ones measured under low power conditions (Qm degrades by a factor of ~2). DC Bias field helps to recover the properties of the ceramic under high power conditions. The DC bias field of 200 V/mm exhibits an almost equivalent “opposite” change rate to the vibration velocity of 0.1 m/sec. It is also notable that the piezoelectric loss tan θ’ can be decreased most effectively under positive DC bias field (1.9% per 100 V/mm for the hard PZT and 3.1% per 100 V/mm for the soft PZT), in comparison with the elastic or dielectric losses. This report presents a comprehensive analysis on the low and high power piezoelectric properties of hard and soft Lead Zirconate Titanates (PZT's) under externally applied DC bias field in the k31 resonance mode (transverse extensional).

ACS Style

Anushka Bansal; Husain N. Shekhani; Maryam Majzoubi; Eberhard Hennig; Timo Scholehwar; Kenji Uchino. Improving high‐power properties of PZT ceramics by external DC bias field. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 2018, 101, 3044 -3053.

AMA Style

Anushka Bansal, Husain N. Shekhani, Maryam Majzoubi, Eberhard Hennig, Timo Scholehwar, Kenji Uchino. Improving high‐power properties of PZT ceramics by external DC bias field. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2018; 101 (7):3044-3053.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anushka Bansal; Husain N. Shekhani; Maryam Majzoubi; Eberhard Hennig; Timo Scholehwar; Kenji Uchino. 2018. "Improving high‐power properties of PZT ceramics by external DC bias field." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 101, no. 7: 3044-3053.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2018 in Comprehensive Composite Materials II
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Piezoelectric composite sensors consist of an electrically active piezoelectric phase combined with an electrically inert second phase. Typically, this second phase is a polymer, although in some cases it is a metal. This chapter will discuss the rationale behind this approach to sensor design. It will begin with a brief review of piezoelectricity, followed by the important commercial piezoelectric sensor materials and their relevant properties, and subsequently the need for incorporating them into composite form. The chapter will conclude by discussing the principle two-phase composite sensor configurations and their properties, the main commercial manufacturing techniques, and some practical applications.

ACS Style

J.F. Tressler; L. Qin; Kenji Uchino. 7.21 Piezoelectric Composite Sensors. Comprehensive Composite Materials II 2018, 408 -419.

AMA Style

J.F. Tressler, L. Qin, Kenji Uchino. 7.21 Piezoelectric Composite Sensors. Comprehensive Composite Materials II. 2018; ():408-419.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J.F. Tressler; L. Qin; Kenji Uchino. 2018. "7.21 Piezoelectric Composite Sensors." Comprehensive Composite Materials II , no. : 408-419.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2018 in Comprehensive Composite Materials II
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ACS Style

A. Kelly; R. Davidson; K. Uchino; N. Shanmuga Priya; M. Shanmugasundaram. 7.18 Smart Composite Materials Systems. Comprehensive Composite Materials II 2018, 358 -363.

AMA Style

A. Kelly, R. Davidson, K. Uchino, N. Shanmuga Priya, M. Shanmugasundaram. 7.18 Smart Composite Materials Systems. Comprehensive Composite Materials II. 2018; ():358-363.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Kelly; R. Davidson; K. Uchino; N. Shanmuga Priya; M. Shanmugasundaram. 2018. "7.18 Smart Composite Materials Systems." Comprehensive Composite Materials II , no. : 358-363.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2018 in Comprehensive Composite Materials II
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ACS Style

Kenji Uchino. 3.24 Piezoelectro Composites. Comprehensive Composite Materials II 2018, 613 -624.

AMA Style

Kenji Uchino. 3.24 Piezoelectro Composites. Comprehensive Composite Materials II. 2018; ():613-624.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kenji Uchino. 2018. "3.24 Piezoelectro Composites." Comprehensive Composite Materials II , no. : 613-624.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Journal of the American Ceramic Society
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A new methodology is proposed to measure the dielectric constant and loss of a piezoelectric at the resonance frequency range based on the burst excitation method. Using a k31 type soft PZT rectangular specimen, we investigated the ‘force’ and ‘voltage’ factors carefully under the short- and open-circuit conditions of the burst method, in terms of the ratio of the ring-down current and voltage with the plate end vibration velocity and the displacement, and their phase lags. We provide the obtained material properties, including loss parameters, in particular, dielectric properties at the resonance frequency range.

ACS Style

Hossein Daneshpajooh; Husain N. Shekhani; Minkyu Choi; Kenji Uchino. New methodology for determining the dielectric constant of a piezoelectric material at the resonance frequency range. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 2017, 101, 1940 -1948.

AMA Style

Hossein Daneshpajooh, Husain N. Shekhani, Minkyu Choi, Kenji Uchino. New methodology for determining the dielectric constant of a piezoelectric material at the resonance frequency range. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2017; 101 (5):1940-1948.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hossein Daneshpajooh; Husain N. Shekhani; Minkyu Choi; Kenji Uchino. 2017. "New methodology for determining the dielectric constant of a piezoelectric material at the resonance frequency range." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 101, no. 5: 1940-1948.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Journal of the European Ceramic Society
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ACS Style

Minkyu Choi; Timo Scholehwar; Eberhard Hennig; Kenji Uchino. Crystallographic approach to obtain intensive elastic parameters of k33 mode piezoelectric ceramics. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 2017, 37, 5109 -5112.

AMA Style

Minkyu Choi, Timo Scholehwar, Eberhard Hennig, Kenji Uchino. Crystallographic approach to obtain intensive elastic parameters of k33 mode piezoelectric ceramics. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2017; 37 (15):5109-5112.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Minkyu Choi; Timo Scholehwar; Eberhard Hennig; Kenji Uchino. 2017. "Crystallographic approach to obtain intensive elastic parameters of k33 mode piezoelectric ceramics." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 37, no. 15: 5109-5112.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Materials & Design
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ACS Style

A. Erkan Gurdal; Safakcan Tuncdemir; Kenji Uchino; C.A. Randall. Low temperature co-fired multilayer piezoelectric transformers for high power applications. Materials & Design 2017, 132, 512 -517.

AMA Style

A. Erkan Gurdal, Safakcan Tuncdemir, Kenji Uchino, C.A. Randall. Low temperature co-fired multilayer piezoelectric transformers for high power applications. Materials & Design. 2017; 132 ():512-517.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Erkan Gurdal; Safakcan Tuncdemir; Kenji Uchino; C.A. Randall. 2017. "Low temperature co-fired multilayer piezoelectric transformers for high power applications." Materials & Design 132, no. : 512-517.