Halitosis is a growing concern for patients seeking dental treatment. Women experience hormonal changes throughout different phases of their life. These changes may affect volatile organic compound (VOC) production and can be linked to halitosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hormonal changes on self-perceived halitosis in a sample of females using a self-administered questionnaire. This study used a cross-sectional observational design. The questionnaire was distributed electronically through Google forms. A total of 1089 participants completed the questionnaire. Almost 50% of participants were below the age of 25; and 12% were of menopausal age (defined as 45 years and older). Most participants reported having regular menstrual cycles (63.5%) while only 20% reported having hormonal disturbances. Almost 62% of the sample reported that they notice halitosis on themselves with 27.6% indicating their perception of halitosis occurred at different times of the month. Around 12% of the sample thought that a relationship between halitosis and their menstrual cycle existed with 4.6% reporting halitosis during menstruation. The present study found that regularity of menstrual cycle and hormonal disturbances can affect females’ self-perceived halitosis and the prevalence of oral health symptoms.

Halitosis refers to socially unacceptable levels of breath odors. This affects the social life and psychological well-being of individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of self-perceived halitosis (SPH) among females and its effect on social life. This was a cross-sectional study. A previously validated questionnaire was distributed electronically through a secure link. The questionnaire consisted of 5 different parts that collected information on sociodemographic, medical history, oral hygiene and other health habits. It also included questions related to participant’s knowledge and perception of halitosis and its social impact. All females who were at least 18 years were invited to participate. Data were transferred for analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program for Windows (IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26, Chicago, IL). Simple descriptive statistics such as frequency distributions and percentages were calculated for the study variables. The relationship between the variables and SPH was also evaluated using the chi-squared test of independence at 95% confidence (P ≤ .05). In total, 1089 subjects completed the questionnaire. The SPH prevalence was 62% among females. The correlation between SPH and sinusitis, gastrointestinal tract disorders, periodontal diseases were significant (P < .05). In addition, subjects with good tooth brushing habits reported no halitosis (91.6%) compared to subjects with poor tooth brushing habits who reported no halitosis (8.9%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < .001). Not using floss and tounge cleaners daily was significantly related to self-reported halitosis (P < .001). Females who reported SPH indicated that they were hesitant to talk to others (68.1%), uncomfortable around others (80.5%), did not like meeting others (44.2%), avoided by others (15%), and that halitosis affected their personal life (31.9%). This association was statistically significant for all variables of social life (P < .001). The prevalence of SPH is high and can have an incapacitating effect on females social lives. The management of halitosis includes active involvement of dental professionals and the incorporation of psychological support.

Background and objective: Retrograde peri-implantitis (RPI) is a periapical radiolucent lesion developed around the implant apex. This study aimed to investigate the Incidence of RPI in a single university dental hospital training center. Materials and Methods: All records of patients who received single Implants between 2016–2020 were screened. For cases that met inclusion criteria, clinical and radiographic data were analyzed. Results: A total of 215 were included and categorized as follows, Category A: implants were placed next to endodontically treated teeth (n = 58, 27%); category B, implants placed at the sites with previous endodontic involvement within 6 months of tooth extraction (n = 25, 11.6%); Category AB: implants placed at sites that fulfill the criteria of groups A and B (n = 18, 8.4%); and Category C: Implants that were placed next to vital teeth and at a site with no previous endodontic treatment or a site that was allowed to heal for more than six (n = 114, 53%). Categories A, B and AB served as the endodontically involved (EI) group, while category C served as non- endodontically involved (NEI) group. Only two sites (0.9%) were confirmed as RPI, both from group A (3.4%). Comparing all groups studied showed no statistically significant difference in RPI incidence. Conclusions: The incidence of RPI is low; however, endodontically treated teeth with periapical lesions (PALs) next to an implant site could contribute to RPI.

Objective: To evaluate the bone profile around dental implants placed in the esthetic zone through periodontal assessment and radiographic analysis using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: We conducted a clinical observational study of 35 subjects who received dental implants placed in the esthetic zone to replace lost anterior teeth. Clinical evaluation included a comprehensive periodontal examination. The esthetic outcomes of the soft tissue around the implants were assessed using the pink esthetic score (PES). Patient satisfaction was assessed by using a specially designed questionnaire. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 was used to assess the quality of life. The bone profile around the implant was assessed using CBCT. All the values were compared and statistically analyzed. Results: A soft tissue graft (STG) was associated with the presence of > 2 mm of bone thickness 1 mm from the implant shoulder (p < 0.01). The STG was also significantly associated with bone thickness at 3 and 5 mm (p = 0.04). PES was not significantly associated with the bone thickness, OHIP score, or satisfaction score. Patients with fenestrations had significantly higher scores for functional limitations and pain than those without fenestrations (p = 0.01 and 0.04 respectively). Conclusion: The bone profile around the anterior implant is not ideal. Although the buccal bone was thin around the implant placed in the esthetic zone, it did not affect the esthetic outcomes or overall satisfaction of the patient. However, fenestration defects may affect patients’ quality of life.

Nephrotic syndrome is a chronic disorder characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. Idiopathic minimal-change disease is the most common form encountered in children. Corticosteroids are the cornerstone for the treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), with different regimens depending on the response to therapy and frequency of relapses. This case report presents complications after implant treatment in patient with INS. 20 years old female patient presented for implant consultation. Medical history includes INS since early childhood, and she is on different medications to control her condition, including long-term steroid use. Dental history revealed that implant treatment was unsuccessful after multiple attempts. She presented with an implant on the area of lower left first mandibular molar, that shows increased mobility and radiolucency on radiographic examination. A diagnosis of implant failure was made, the implant was removed, and the area was cleaned and sutured. The patient decided to replace her missing teeth with fixed partial denture and was referred for prosthodontist. The potential adverse effect of steroid use and the possible underlying mechanism that could affect bone metabolism and implants osseointegration are reviewed. Clinical practice guidelines are needed for the management of dental implants in chronic steroid users.

The study aimed to develop a biodegradable scaffold incorporating valproic acid (VPA) for improved human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) proliferation, differentiation, and bone mineral synthesis. A chitosan–gelatin (CH-G) scaffold was fabricated and loaded with varying concentrations of VPA (1, 3, 5 mM/L). In vitro studies assessed drug release, cell proliferation, morphology, mineralization, and gene expression. VPA was rapidly released from the scaffold, with over 90% cumulative release within seven days. Cells cultured on VPA-loaded scaffolds exhibited significantly enhanced proliferation and mineralization compared to the control. VPA treatment upregulated osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2) expression, key markers of osteogenic differentiation. The CH-G scaffold, particularly with 1 mM/L VPA, demonstrates excellent biocompatibility and promotes hBMSC-mediated bone regeneration. This novel approach holds promise for future applications in bone tissue engineering.