Mathematical models are known to help determine potential intervention strategies by providing an approximate idea of the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases. To develop proper responses, not only are more accurate disease spread models needed, but also those that are easy to use. As of July 1, 2020, we selected the 20 countries with the highest numbers of COVID-19 cases in the world. Using the Verhulst–Pearl logistic function formula, we calculated estimates for the total number of cases for each country. We compared these estimates to the actual figures given by the WHO on the same dates. Finally, the formula was tested for longer-term reliability at t = 18 and t = 40 weeks. The Verhulst–Pearl logistic function formula estimated the actual numbers precisely, with only a 0.5% discrepancy on average for the first month. For all countries in the study and the world at large, the estimates for the 40th week were usually overestimated, although the estimates for some countries were still relatively close to the actual numbers in the forecasting long term. The estimated number for the world in general was about 8 times that actually observed for the long term. The Verhulst–Pearl equation has the advantage of being very straightforward and applicable in clinical use for predicting the demand on hospitals in the short term of 4–6 weeks, which is usually enough time to reschedule elective procedures and free beds for new waves of the pandemic patients.

In this study, the effects of the lacquer applied to the printing materials which were printed by electrophotographic printing method on printing quality were investigated. In practice, printing materials with the same weight and different optical properties were used and the study was carried out in three stages. The optical and physical properties of the printing materials used in the first part were determined, in the second part, the printing of these materials by electrophotographic printing method and printability tests were performed. In the third chapter, matte and glossy lacquers were applied to these printed materials and printability tests were repeated. As a result of the study, it was observed that the application of gloss and matte lacquer caused a decrease in the printing density values and also the application of matte lacquer caused a decrease in the gloss values.

The ink industry is one of the world's largest markets due to the increasing demand for printing inks for the packaging industry. Flexography printing is a well‐known promising technology for large‐area printing due to its high printing speed and roll‐to‐roll capability to print economically on a variety of surfaces and is used in nearly in all areas of packaging printing. Water‐based inks are considered non‐toxic, odourless, and more environmentally friendly options compared to solvent‐based inks. Therefore, in this article, the goal was to develop new water‐based ink formulation with different acrylic binders for flexographic printing on commercial solid bleached sulphate (SBS) board. Five inks were formulated with four different acrylic binders and compared to a commercially available ink to study their performance. The developed inks were investigated with regard to their print qualities and print characteristics. It was found that the binder type influenced some print quality while the effect was not significant for others. Using flexography printed cyan inks, the ink formulated with the highest molecular weight had the lowest print density and the largest tonal value increase (TVI) observed between 40 and 60 tone values. The same ink had the largest mottle values and variation in topography. For values of print contrast and delta gloss at 75°, although differences were observed between average values, data had inconclusive variation and spread around averages, where no conclusive trends or effects of acrylic binder type on these response factors were observed. Print chroma and dot roundness results were equally close for all printed samples.

"The synthetic resins in printing inks are harmful to the environment because they are not biodegradable and emit volatile organic compounds. The printing industry has sought alternative printing inks to solve these issues. The aim of the work is to explore sustainable and environmentally friendly inks, without scarifying ink performance. To determine their performance and effect on print quality, soy proteins were investigated. Also, commercial and formulated acrylic inks were used as reference inks. From the results, the print density of soy protein water-based inks is higher than that of the reference inks. Moreover, they obtained a higher print gloss than the reference inks. The printing contrast values of soy protein water-based inks are relatively low. There was no considerable difference found in TVI values. Overall, the soy protein water-based inks produced a very competitive result in printability and presented high potential for replace synthetic components in current commercial inks."

This study examined the surface adhesion of ink on bio-composite materials that were produced using Luffa cylindrica fiber and epoxy. To increase the ink adhesion on the surface, two different production methods were developed. The surface roughness and the surface contact angle of the bio-composite surfaces manufactured by each method were determined. The printing was applied on the surface of the bio-composite materials using a screen-printing procedure. While keeping the printing conditions constant, two different ink types, environmentally friendly water-based ink and solvent-based ink, were utilized. As a result of this study, the two types of ink were adhered on the polymer-coated surface, and there was no adhesion on the uncoated surfaces. In addition, the printability of the solvent-based ink was better than the water-based one, and the image of the transfer had higher quality. When the water or solvent-based inks were applied on the surface, the groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds, which were present in both kinds of ink, constituted hydrogen bonds with the C=O and N-H groups. This resulted in better adhesion on the surface, which was due to the presence of the separator.

This study is about preparing different paper substrates with chemically stable hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surface coatings through spraying a mixture of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and inorganic particles. The method is easy to implement, reproducible and requires inexpensive starting materials. Non-colored and colored types of (i) raw paper (UC), (ii) glossy coated paper (GC) and (iii) matte coated paper (MC) surfaces were selected for surface modification through the coating application. Both water-based ink (WB) and solvent-based ink (SB) formulations were used to dye substrate surfaces. Investigations including surface wetting, optical and physical properties of the coated paper substrates revealed that the coating application method proposed is a promising lacquer alternative for packaging purposes.