COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted every part of human life, both economic and non-economic, including agriculture. As a country where many people still rely on agriculture, Indonesia faces a complicated situation if the pandemic continues because food production will be affected. Indonesia announced its first COVID-19 case in March 2020; in response to this, the government applied limitations on economic and non-economic activities. These actions slowed the commercial and industrial sectors, and many people lost their jobs, with middle- and low-income citizens being the hardest hit. The situation presents a high risk for food security due to the decrease in purchasing power and food supply chains not being able to run normally. This study aims to arrange food security strategies post-COVID-19 pandemic. This paper presents, to overcome the food-security issue after COVID-19 in Indonesia, emergency strategies such as controlling food price and providing subsidies for farmer are needed. And long term strategies such as making the food supply chain more effective and increasing food diversification also required. All people and parties need to participate in every relief program for any program to fight the COVID-19 pandemic to succeed.

Organic rice farming (ORF) is getting more attention from many parties because conventional rice farming (CRF) has environmental issues and because people's awareness of healthy food is increasing. The social, economical, and environmental challenges make ORF a potential path forward. This study aims to understand farmers' responses to ORF. Data were collected through interviews with 37 respondents from Central Java and 67 respondents from South Sulawesi. The respondents, chosen randomly, represented 40.38% CRF farmers and 59.62% ORF farmers. A mean was used to present the difference between CRF and ORF farmers' responses in each variable. Multiple linear regression was used to describe the factors affecting these responses. Results showed that ORF farmers' mean on all response variables was higher than CRF farmers', except market opportunity (MKOP), which showed only a slight difference in means at 4.357 (CRF) and 4.371 (ORF). MKOP is the one area of trust for both CRF and ORF farmers. Both responses from CRF and ORF farmers have value for use by stakeholders to develop Indonesian ORF.

Rozaki Z, Nopembereni ED, Rahayu L, Rahmawati N, Murhidayah ML, Rejeki TM, Ariffin AS, Azizah SN, Tjale MM. 2022. Farmers' lives and adaptation strategies toward the forest and peatland fires in Indonesia: Evidence from Central and South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2379-2388. The frequency of forest and peatland fires in Kalimantan is high yearly, impacting many farmers’ agricultural activities and the environment, especially in the dry season. Farmers conduct agricultural activities in this vulnerable area. This study aimed to analyze farmers’ livelihood and adaptation strategies in Central and South Kalimantan, an area prone to forest and peatland fires. The sample comprised 200 farmers as respondents while the data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and rank spearman analysis. The results showed that the willingness to adapt, community resilience, and government support play important roles in dealing with forest and peatland fires. Therefore, inter-stakeholder coordination should be conducted appropriately for effective risk management to benefit farmers and all impacted parties.

The sustainability of organic rice farming has become a significant focus in agricultural development, as it addresses the interconnected challenges of economic viability, environmental preservation, and social equity. This study evaluates the sustainability of organic rice farming across five districts in Central Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia, through a comprehensive assessment of economic, ecological, and social dimensions. A proportional stratified random sampling approach was employed, involving 150 farmer respondents, with 30 farmers selected from each district. Descriptive analysis revealed an average sustainability score of 2.94, indicating a moderate level of sustainability. In addition, the Rapid Appraisal for Sustainability (RAPS) tool yielded an average index score of 68.56, categorising the farming systems as "fairly sustainable." The model was further validated through a normalization test, which demonstrated strong consistency across the three sustainability dimensions, with a Standardized Residual Sum of Square (STRESS) value of 0.14 and an R-Squared (RSQ) value of 0.95, suggesting that the data were robust and the model reliable. Sensitivity analysis identified seven critical factors influencing sustainability: agricultural product prices, financial management, poverty alleviation, crop rotation, the involvement of women and young farmers, and preservation of tradition. The results of validation and stability tests indicated that the sustainability model was both stable and reliable across all three dimensions, with an overall sustainability score of 1. These findings underscore the importance of promoting sustainable agricultural practices in organic rice farming and highlight the need for enhanced government involvement in raising awareness, providing training, and fostering educational initiatives to support the economic, ecological, and social dimensions of sustainability in the region.

The development of coastal tourism continues to grow, contributing both directly and indirectly to the local and national economy. The community plays an important role in coastal development. This study aims to assess the role of community in the coastal tourism economy. The research location is in Yogyakarta, covering three coastal tourism sites, namely Cemara Sewu Beach, Slili Beach, and Glagah Beach. As many as 180 respondents were surveyed through semi structured questionnaires, along with in-depth interviews conducted with nine key community leaders. This study focuses on the planning, organizing, implementing, and controlling involved in community management. The method used a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, also known as mixed methods. The findings indicate that the coastal community plays an important role in the growth of the tourism economy. The unique role of the coastal tourism community has a different character due to the characteristics and the location of the coast. The results show that awareness and active participation among economic actors, such as local traders and service providers, play a vital role in sustaining community-based tourism activities. Respondents indicated that their direct involvement in daily operations, such as managing services and maintaining facilities, is strongly influenced by how transparent and inclusive community leaders are during planning, implementation, and control processes. Sites with more open leadership structures, such as those integrating regular meetings and shared decision-making, reported higher levels of member participation across activities. The highest-rated community function was organizing, with mean score: 4.2, while planning had the lowest, with mean score 3.6, indicating a gap in strategic preparation. Additionally, external factors, such as government policies and tourist trends, also impact the community's role. Communities were found to be key actors in organizing tourism services, promoting environmental sustainability, and managing visitor experiences. This study offers a novel perspective by highlighting the integrated role of community-led planning and implementation in coastal tourism economies. Highlights Strong Community Role in Coastal Tourism Development Grassroots Participation Outweighs Infrastructure Alone Mixed Methods Approach with 180 Respondents and 9 Key Informants Internal and External Factors Shape Effectiveness Causal Loop Diagram Shows Reinforcing Tourism Dynamics

Rozaki Z, Rahmawati N, Wijaya O, Safitri F, Senge M, Kamarudin MF. 2021. Gender perspectives on agroforestry practices in Mt. Merapi hazards and risks-prone area of Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2980-2987. Despite the risk and hazards of the Mt. Merapi prone area, people continue to stay in the area as Agroforestry Adopters. This study aims to analyze the gender perspectives on agroforestry (AF) practices in the Mt. Merapi prone area. 128 men and 86 women were randomly selected from four different areas. Descriptive analysis, independent t-test, and logistic multinomial regression were used to analyze the data. Gender issue in AF practices is found in some parts of the practices. For example, women are more predominant in marketing the products rather than men, whilst the men are predominant in activities that need more strength such as planting. An external factor that is significant is the different impacts of farmers support groups on men and women. Meanwhile, factors such as capital access and AF easiness do not show significant differences between men and women. In other words, these two variables are felt the same among men and women when practicing AF. As for the contribution of AF, social aspect is found to show significant differences, whilst economic and ecology do not show significant differences to both the men and women. Additionally, factors that affect the perspectives on AF contribution vary among the respondents across both groups of men and women. This study suggests that the different perspectives and factors that are affecting AF farmers can be used to develop future AF promotion programs.