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Biochar is a carbon-rich material prepared from the pyrolysis of biomass under various conditions. Recently, biochar drew great attention due to its promising potential in climate change mitigation, soil amendment, and environmental control. Obviously, biochar can be a beneficial soil amendment in several ways including preventing nutrients loss due to leaching, increasing N and P mineralization, and enabling the microbial mediation of N2O and CO2 emissions. However, there are also conflicting reports on biochar effects, such as water logging and weathering induced change of surface properties that ultimately affects microbial growth and soil fertility. Despite the voluminous reports on soil and biochar properties, few studies have systematically addressed the effects of biochar on the sequestration of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in soils. Information on microbially-mediated transformation of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) species in the soil environment remains relatively uncertain. A systematic documentation of how biochar influences the fate and transport of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen in soil is crucial to promoting biochar applications toward environmental sustainability. This report first provides an overview on the adsorption of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen species on biochar, particularly in soil systems. Then, the biochar-mediated transformation of organic species, and the transport of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in soil systems are discussed. This review also reports on the weathering process of biochar and implications in the soil environment. Lastly, the current knowledge gaps and priority research directions for the biochar-amended systems in the future are assessed. This review focuses on literatures published in the past decade (2009–2021) on the adsorption, degradation, transport, weathering, and transformation of C, N, and P species in soil systems with respect to biochar applications.
Shu-Yuan Pan; Cheng-Di Dong; Jenn-Fang Su; Po-Yen Wang; Chiu-Wen Chen; Jo-Shu Chang; Hyunook Kim; Chin-Pao Huang; Chang-Mao Hung. The Role of Biochar in Regulating the Carbon, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen Cycles Exemplified by Soil Systems. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5612 .
AMA StyleShu-Yuan Pan, Cheng-Di Dong, Jenn-Fang Su, Po-Yen Wang, Chiu-Wen Chen, Jo-Shu Chang, Hyunook Kim, Chin-Pao Huang, Chang-Mao Hung. The Role of Biochar in Regulating the Carbon, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen Cycles Exemplified by Soil Systems. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5612.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShu-Yuan Pan; Cheng-Di Dong; Jenn-Fang Su; Po-Yen Wang; Chiu-Wen Chen; Jo-Shu Chang; Hyunook Kim; Chin-Pao Huang; Chang-Mao Hung. 2021. "The Role of Biochar in Regulating the Carbon, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen Cycles Exemplified by Soil Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5612.
A series of asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were fabricated using non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) process from the system of water/GBL/PVP/PES at 40 °C. Water, acting as the nonsolvent, was added in different amounts to the dope solution to modify the porous structure and enhance the permeability of the membranes. The fabricated membranes were tested systematically for their morphologies, physical properties, pure water fluxes, and rejection capacities against bovine serum albumin molecules (BSA). The SEM images indicated that the pore size and porosity of the top surface increased with increasing water content in the dope, and when 1.5 phr of water was incorporated, the macrovoids in the cross section disappeared and the pores interconnected to form numerous continuous channels within the PES matrix. This membrane exhibited a pure water flux of 642 L m−2h−1bar−1 and a tensile strength as high as 5.6 N/mm2. The dead-end filtration experiments indicated a very high BSA rejection of ~98% for membranes prepared from dopes containing ≤1.0 phr of water, and a moderately high (85%) rejection for that with a higher dope water content.
Chao-Chuan Ho; Jenn Fang Su; Liao-Ping Cheng. Fabrication of high-flux asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes by nonsolvent induced phase separation process: Effects of H2O contents in the dope. Polymer 2021, 217, 123451 .
AMA StyleChao-Chuan Ho, Jenn Fang Su, Liao-Ping Cheng. Fabrication of high-flux asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes by nonsolvent induced phase separation process: Effects of H2O contents in the dope. Polymer. 2021; 217 ():123451.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChao-Chuan Ho; Jenn Fang Su; Liao-Ping Cheng. 2021. "Fabrication of high-flux asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes by nonsolvent induced phase separation process: Effects of H2O contents in the dope." Polymer 217, no. : 123451.