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F. Baldó
Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, 11006 Cádiz, Spain

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Review
Published: 12 December 2020 in Toxics
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The ability of aquatic organisms to sense the surrounding environment chemically and interpret such signals correctly is crucial for their ecological niche and survival. Although it is an oversimplification of the ecological interactions, we could consider that a significant part of the decisions taken by organisms are, to some extent, chemically driven. Accordingly, chemical contamination might interfere in the way organisms behave and interact with the environment. Just as any environmental factor, contamination can make a habitat less attractive or even unsuitable to accommodate life, conditioning to some degree the decision of organisms to stay in, or move from, an ecosystem. If we consider that contamination is not always spatially homogeneous and that many organisms can avoid it, the ability of contaminants to repel organisms should also be of concern. Thus, in this critical review, we have discussed the dual role of contamination: toxicity (disruption of the physiological and behavioral homeostasis) vs. repellency (contamination-driven changes in spatial distribution/habitat selection). The discussion is centered on methodologies (forced exposure against non-forced multi-compartmented exposure systems) and conceptual improvements (individual stress due to the toxic effects caused by a continuous exposure against contamination-driven spatial distribution). Finally, we propose an approach in which Stress and Landscape Ecology could be integrated with each other to improve our understanding of the threat contaminants represent to aquatic ecosystems.

ACS Style

Cristiano V. M. Araújo; Abdelmourhit Laissaoui; Daniel C. V. R. Silva; Eloisa Ramos-Rodríguez; Enrique González-Ortegón; Evaldo L. G. Espíndola; Francisco Baldó; Freylan Mena; Gema Parra; Julián Blasco; Julio López-Doval; Marta Sendra; Mohamed Banni; Mohammed Ariful Islam; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido. Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? Toxics 2020, 8, 118 .

AMA Style

Cristiano V. M. Araújo, Abdelmourhit Laissaoui, Daniel C. V. R. Silva, Eloisa Ramos-Rodríguez, Enrique González-Ortegón, Evaldo L. G. Espíndola, Francisco Baldó, Freylan Mena, Gema Parra, Julián Blasco, Julio López-Doval, Marta Sendra, Mohamed Banni, Mohammed Ariful Islam, Ignacio Moreno-Garrido. Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? Toxics. 2020; 8 (4):118.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristiano V. M. Araújo; Abdelmourhit Laissaoui; Daniel C. V. R. Silva; Eloisa Ramos-Rodríguez; Enrique González-Ortegón; Evaldo L. G. Espíndola; Francisco Baldó; Freylan Mena; Gema Parra; Julián Blasco; Julio López-Doval; Marta Sendra; Mohamed Banni; Mohammed Ariful Islam; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido. 2020. "Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment?" Toxics 8, no. 4: 118.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2019 in Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
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In spite of our awareness that the biosphere is represented to a greater extent in the oceans than elsewhere, little is still known about the genetic structure and phylogeography of most deep-sea fish species. Here, different questions regarding the phenotypic and genetic diversity of deep-sea morid cod Lepidion lepidion across its distribution area have been investigated. Principal Component Analyses of 17 different morphological measurements indicated no differences between Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, but the presence of a latitudinal phenotypic gradient. The genetic analyses comprised three mitochondrial and two nuclear markers. Neutrality tests and mismatch distributions indicated events of demographic expansion in the western Mediterranean Sea and the northeastern Atlantic Ocean that should be interpreted with caution due to the limited sample size. In addition, two different nuclear lineages partially mixed have been detected, suggesting isolation with secondary contact between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Moderate genetic structure was found in Aviles Canyon (NW Iberian Peninsula) showing limitations to gene flow and asymmetric migration, probably due to the oceanographic conditions in the area. The results suggest that genetic connectivity of L. lepidion is probably due to its pelagic stages.

ACS Style

David Barros-García; Elsa Froufe; Rafael Bañón; Juan Carlos Arronte; Francisco Baldó; Alejandro de Carlos. Phylogeography highlights two different Atlantic/Mediterranean lineages and a phenotypic latitudinal gradient for the deep-sea morid codling Lepidion lepidion (Gadiformes: Moridae). Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 2019, 157, 103212 .

AMA Style

David Barros-García, Elsa Froufe, Rafael Bañón, Juan Carlos Arronte, Francisco Baldó, Alejandro de Carlos. Phylogeography highlights two different Atlantic/Mediterranean lineages and a phenotypic latitudinal gradient for the deep-sea morid codling Lepidion lepidion (Gadiformes: Moridae). Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 2019; 157 ():103212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Barros-García; Elsa Froufe; Rafael Bañón; Juan Carlos Arronte; Francisco Baldó; Alejandro de Carlos. 2019. "Phylogeography highlights two different Atlantic/Mediterranean lineages and a phenotypic latitudinal gradient for the deep-sea morid codling Lepidion lepidion (Gadiformes: Moridae)." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 157, no. : 103212.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2019 in Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
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Naturalised populations in estuaries are characteristic of non-native species tolerant to the salinity gradient. The non-native isopod Synidotea laticauda, since the first record in 1991 in a European estuary, has been continuously recorded in others (e.g. in 1994 in the Guadalquivir estuary). Possible links between physiology and its successful establishment in the Guadalquivir estuary were explored through the combination of physiological studies and field distribution (7 years). Survival, osmoregulation and potential respiration rate were estimated under different experimental salinity conditions. This non-native species is naturalised, with presence of juveniles and adults during most of the year. Spatial patterns were closely related to the salinity gradient showing the highest densities at its isosmotic point (salinity = 20). Survival experiments showed a high tolerance (survival > 80%) to salinity changes between 5 and 35 and no mortality close to its isosmotic point. In addition, acute salinity changes had a clear effect on the potential respiration rate. Overall, our results suggests that the weak osmoregulatory capacity of S. laticauda determined its salinity-dependent distribution pattern, showing high densities at physiologically more favourable salinities, minimizing the energy required for osmoregulation and therefore its mortality risk.

ACS Style

M.Carmen Ruiz-Delgado; Enrique González-Ortegón; Inma Herrera; Pilar Drake; Bruno Almón; Cesar Vilas; Francisco Baldó. Physiological responses to estuarine stress gradient affect performance and field distribution of the non-native crustacean Synidotea laticauda. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 2019, 225, 106233 .

AMA Style

M.Carmen Ruiz-Delgado, Enrique González-Ortegón, Inma Herrera, Pilar Drake, Bruno Almón, Cesar Vilas, Francisco Baldó. Physiological responses to estuarine stress gradient affect performance and field distribution of the non-native crustacean Synidotea laticauda. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2019; 225 ():106233.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.Carmen Ruiz-Delgado; Enrique González-Ortegón; Inma Herrera; Pilar Drake; Bruno Almón; Cesar Vilas; Francisco Baldó. 2019. "Physiological responses to estuarine stress gradient affect performance and field distribution of the non-native crustacean Synidotea laticauda." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 225, no. : 106233.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2019 in Marine Ecology Progress Series
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ACS Style

Gf De Carvalho-Souza; E González-Ortegón; Francisco Baldó; C Vilas; P Drake; M Llope. Natural and anthropogenic effects on the early life stages of European anchovy in one of its essential fish habitats, the Guadalquivir estuary. Marine Ecology Progress Series 2019, 617-618, 67 -79.

AMA Style

Gf De Carvalho-Souza, E González-Ortegón, Francisco Baldó, C Vilas, P Drake, M Llope. Natural and anthropogenic effects on the early life stages of European anchovy in one of its essential fish habitats, the Guadalquivir estuary. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2019; 617-618 ():67-79.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gf De Carvalho-Souza; E González-Ortegón; Francisco Baldó; C Vilas; P Drake; M Llope. 2019. "Natural and anthropogenic effects on the early life stages of European anchovy in one of its essential fish habitats, the Guadalquivir estuary." Marine Ecology Progress Series 617-618, no. : 67-79.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a major component of the organic matter pool, playing a key role in the global ocean functioning. However, studies on DOM in waters of many ocean regions, such as the Gulf of Cadiz (GoC), are poorly known. Advanced aquatic sensors enable autonomous for long-term deployments in situ collection of high frequency DOM data using fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) as a proxy. The present study evaluates the relevance of FDOM, the estuarine influence and the environmental factors that determine its spatial distribution in the GoC. Our results suggest that the GoC water mass, under the estuarine influence of three main rivers, is receiving large amounts of DOM transported mainly by Guadalquivir and Guadiana rivers and much less from Tinto-Odiel. Salinity is the main factor explaining the FDOM variability within the Guadalquivir and Guadiana rivers and in the inner shelf of the GoC. In the outer shelf of the GoC, plankton-produced DOM could explain the persistent spatial pattern of FDOM, playing an important role in the dynamics of FDOM from the North area of the GoC through the persistent low-salinity Eastern North Atlantic Central Water. The oceanographic dynamics and the spatial pattern of FDOM concentration in the continental shelf of the GoC suggest a net transport of FDOM through the GCC (Gulf of Cadiz Current) to the Mediterranean Sea.

ACS Style

E. González-Ortegón; V. Amaral; F. Baldó; Ricardo F. Sánchez-Leal; María J. Bellanco; María P. Jiménez; J. Forja; César Vilas; A. Tovar-Sanchez. Sources and coastal distribution of dissolved organic matter in the Gulf of Cadiz. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 630, 1583 -1595.

AMA Style

E. González-Ortegón, V. Amaral, F. Baldó, Ricardo F. Sánchez-Leal, María J. Bellanco, María P. Jiménez, J. Forja, César Vilas, A. Tovar-Sanchez. Sources and coastal distribution of dissolved organic matter in the Gulf of Cadiz. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 630 ():1583-1595.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. González-Ortegón; V. Amaral; F. Baldó; Ricardo F. Sánchez-Leal; María J. Bellanco; María P. Jiménez; J. Forja; César Vilas; A. Tovar-Sanchez. 2018. "Sources and coastal distribution of dissolved organic matter in the Gulf of Cadiz." Science of The Total Environment 630, no. : 1583-1595.

Research article
Published: 12 September 2017 in PLOS ONE
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The ecological role of species can vary among populations depending on local and regional differences in diet. This is particularly true for top predators such as the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), which exhibits a highly varied diet throughout its distribution range. Local dietary assessments are therefore critical to fully understand the role of this species within marine ecosystems, as well as its interaction with important ecosystem services such as fisheries. Here, we combined stomach content analyses (SCA) and stable isotope analyses (SIA) to describe bottlenose dolphins diet in the Gulf of Cadiz (North Atlantic Ocean). Prey items identified using SCA included European conger (Conger conger) and European hake (Merluccius merluccius) as the most important ingested prey. However, mass-balance isotopic mixing model (MixSIAR), using δ13C and δ15N, indicated that the assimilated diet consisted mainly on Sparidae species (e.g. seabream, Diplodus annularis and D. bellottii, rubberlip grunt, Plectorhinchus mediterraneus, and common pandora, Pagellus erythrinus) and a mixture of other species including European hake, mackerels (Scomber colias, S. japonicus and S. scombrus), European conger, red bandfish (Cepola macrophthalma) and European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus). These contrasting results highlight differences in the temporal and taxonomic resolution of each approach, but also point to potential differences between ingested (SCA) and assimilated (SIA) diets. Both approaches provide different insights, e.g. determination of consumed fish biomass for the management of fish stocks (SCA) or identification of important assimilated prey species to the consumer (SIA).

ACS Style

Joan Giménez; Ana Marçalo; Francisco Ramirez; Philippe Verborgh; Pauline Gauffier; Ruth Esteban; Lídia Nicolau; Enrique González-Ortegón; Francisco Baldó; César Vilas; José Vingada; Manuela G. Forero; Renaud De Stephanis. Diet of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Gulf of Cadiz: Insights from stomach content and stable isotope analyses. PLOS ONE 2017, 12, e0184673 .

AMA Style

Joan Giménez, Ana Marçalo, Francisco Ramirez, Philippe Verborgh, Pauline Gauffier, Ruth Esteban, Lídia Nicolau, Enrique González-Ortegón, Francisco Baldó, César Vilas, José Vingada, Manuela G. Forero, Renaud De Stephanis. Diet of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Gulf of Cadiz: Insights from stomach content and stable isotope analyses. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (9):e0184673.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joan Giménez; Ana Marçalo; Francisco Ramirez; Philippe Verborgh; Pauline Gauffier; Ruth Esteban; Lídia Nicolau; Enrique González-Ortegón; Francisco Baldó; César Vilas; José Vingada; Manuela G. Forero; Renaud De Stephanis. 2017. "Diet of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Gulf of Cadiz: Insights from stomach content and stable isotope analyses." PLOS ONE 12, no. 9: e0184673.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2017 in Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria
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ACS Style

Francesc Ordines; Ronald Fricke; Florencio González; Francisco Baldó. First record of Neoscopelus macrolepidotus Johnson, 1863 (Actinopterygii: Myctophiformes: Neoscopelidae) from Irish waters (Porcupine Bank, north-eastern Atlantic). Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 2017, 47, 85 -89.

AMA Style

Francesc Ordines, Ronald Fricke, Florencio González, Francisco Baldó. First record of Neoscopelus macrolepidotus Johnson, 1863 (Actinopterygii: Myctophiformes: Neoscopelidae) from Irish waters (Porcupine Bank, north-eastern Atlantic). Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria. 2017; 47 (1):85-89.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesc Ordines; Ronald Fricke; Florencio González; Francisco Baldó. 2017. "First record of Neoscopelus macrolepidotus Johnson, 1863 (Actinopterygii: Myctophiformes: Neoscopelidae) from Irish waters (Porcupine Bank, north-eastern Atlantic)." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 47, no. 1: 85-89.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Science of The Total Environment
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In the Mediterranean-climate zone, recurrent drought events and increasing water demand generally lead to a decrease in freshwater input to estuaries. This water scarcity may alter the proper function of estuaries as nursery areas for marine species and as permanent habitat for estuarine species. A 12-year data set of the aquatic macrofauna (fish, decapod and mysid crustaceans) in a Mediterranean estuary (Guadalquivir estuary, South Spain) was analysed to test if water scarcity favours the nursery function of regional estuaries to the detriment of permanent estuarine inhabitants. Target species typically displayed a salinity-related distribution and estuarine salinisation in dry years resulted in a general upstream community displacement. However, annual densities of marine species were neither consistently higher in dry years nor estuarine species during wet years. Exceptions included the estuarine mysid Neomysis integer and the marine shrimp Crangon crangon, which were more abundant in wet and dry years, respectively. High and persistent turbidity, a collateral effect of water scarcity, altered both the structural (salinity-related pattern) and functional (key prey species and predator density) community characteristics, chiefly after the second drought period of the analysis. The observed high inter-year environmental variability, as well as species-specific effects of water scarcity, suggests that exhaustive and long-term sampling programmes will be required for rigorously monitoring the estuarine communities of the Mediterranean-climate region.

ACS Style

Enrique González-Ortegón; Francisco Baldó; Alberto Arias; Jose A. Cuesta; Carlos Fernández-Delgado; Cesar Vilas; Pilar Drake. Freshwater scarcity effects on the aquatic macrofauna of a European Mediterranean-climate estuary. Science of The Total Environment 2015, 503-504, 213 -221.

AMA Style

Enrique González-Ortegón, Francisco Baldó, Alberto Arias, Jose A. Cuesta, Carlos Fernández-Delgado, Cesar Vilas, Pilar Drake. Freshwater scarcity effects on the aquatic macrofauna of a European Mediterranean-climate estuary. Science of The Total Environment. 2015; 503-504 ():213-221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrique González-Ortegón; Francisco Baldó; Alberto Arias; Jose A. Cuesta; Carlos Fernández-Delgado; Cesar Vilas; Pilar Drake. 2015. "Freshwater scarcity effects on the aquatic macrofauna of a European Mediterranean-climate estuary." Science of The Total Environment 503-504, no. : 213-221.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2014 in Mediterranean Marine Science
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The European anchovy fishery in the Gulf of Cádiz (ICES Division IXa South) is largely influenced by age-0 individuals. Knowledge of young of the year growth dynamics is crucial for management, yet data on daily growth are lacking in the area. Linking growth patterns to the environment requires information on habitat occupancy through ontogeny of the fish that reach the fishery, as anchovy use different areas of the Gulf and the Guadalquivir Estuary through development. We describe the growth dynamics of age-0 anchovy through otolith microstructure analysis, and couple these data with data on microchemical signals in the otoliths to shed light into habitat use and growth dynamics in the area. Age-0 anchovy captured in September, 2011 in the Gulf ranged from 3 to 6 months old for similar sizes, with average growth rates varying twofold. Individual non-linear growth curves showed that maximum otolith growth was positively correlated with the date of spawning, which in turn was negatively correlated with the time to reach maximum growth. There was no correlation between growth parameters and body length or condition (Fulton K) at capture. The strontium:calcium (Sr/Ca) and magnesium:calcium (Mg/Ca) ratios were significantly lower at the edge of the otolith (approximately the age of capture) than at ages corresponding to larval and early juveniles (

ACS Style

Ignacio Catalán; S. Pérez-Mayol; I. Álvarez; J. Ruiz; M. Palmer; F. Baldó; Alvaro Peliz; Beatriz Morales-Nin. Daily otolith growth and ontogenetic geochemical signatures of age-0 anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Spain). Mediterranean Marine Science 2014, 15, 781 -789.

AMA Style

Ignacio Catalán, S. Pérez-Mayol, I. Álvarez, J. Ruiz, M. Palmer, F. Baldó, Alvaro Peliz, Beatriz Morales-Nin. Daily otolith growth and ontogenetic geochemical signatures of age-0 anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Spain). Mediterranean Marine Science. 2014; 15 (4):781-789.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ignacio Catalán; S. Pérez-Mayol; I. Álvarez; J. Ruiz; M. Palmer; F. Baldó; Alvaro Peliz; Beatriz Morales-Nin. 2014. "Daily otolith growth and ontogenetic geochemical signatures of age-0 anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Spain)." Mediterranean Marine Science 15, no. 4: 781-789.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2014 in Advances in Ecological Research
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In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the ecological consequences of individual trait variation within populations. Given that individual variability arises from evolutionary dynamics, to fully understand eco-evolutionary feedback loops, we need to pay special attention to how standing trait variability affects ecological dynamics. There is mounting empirical evidence that intra-specific phenotypic variation can exceed species-level means, but theoretical models of multi-trophic species coexistence typically neglect individual-level trait variability. What is needed are multispecies datasets that are resolved at the individual level that can be used to discriminate among alternative models of resource selection and species coexistence in food webs. Here, using one the largest individual-based datasets of a food web compiled to date, along with an individual trait-based stochastic model that incorporates Approximate Bayesian computation methods, we document intra-population variation in the strength of prey selection by different classes or predator phenotypes which could potentially alter the diversity and coexistence patterns of food webs. In particular, we found that strongly connected individual predators preferentially consumed common prey, whereas weakly connected predators preferentially selected rare prey. Such patterns suggest that food web diversity may be governed by the distribution of predator connectivity and individual trait variation in prey selection. We discuss the consequences of intra-specific variation in prey selection to assess fitness differences among predator classes (or phenotypes) and track longer term food web patterns of coexistence accounting for several phenotypes within each prey and predator species. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.This study was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation project 31003A-144162 (to C. M.).Peer Reviewe

ACS Style

Carlos Melian; Francisco Baldó; Blake Matthews; Cesar Vilas; Enrique González-Ortegón; Pilar Drake; Richard Williams. Individual Trait Variation and Diversity in Food Webs. Advances in Ecological Research 2014, 207 -241.

AMA Style

Carlos Melian, Francisco Baldó, Blake Matthews, Cesar Vilas, Enrique González-Ortegón, Pilar Drake, Richard Williams. Individual Trait Variation and Diversity in Food Webs. Advances in Ecological Research. 2014; ():207-241.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Melian; Francisco Baldó; Blake Matthews; Cesar Vilas; Enrique González-Ortegón; Pilar Drake; Richard Williams. 2014. "Individual Trait Variation and Diversity in Food Webs." Advances in Ecological Research , no. : 207-241.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2013 in Journal of Ichthyology
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ACS Style

O. Fernández-Zapico; J. C. Arronte; S. Ruiz-Pico; F. Velasco; Francisco Baldó. First record of Bellottia apoda (Ophidiiformes, Bythitidae) from irish waters (North-eastern Atlantic). Journal of Ichthyology 2013, 53, 195 -198.

AMA Style

O. Fernández-Zapico, J. C. Arronte, S. Ruiz-Pico, F. Velasco, Francisco Baldó. First record of Bellottia apoda (Ophidiiformes, Bythitidae) from irish waters (North-eastern Atlantic). Journal of Ichthyology. 2013; 53 (2):195-198.

Chicago/Turabian Style

O. Fernández-Zapico; J. C. Arronte; S. Ruiz-Pico; F. Velasco; Francisco Baldó. 2013. "First record of Bellottia apoda (Ophidiiformes, Bythitidae) from irish waters (North-eastern Atlantic)." Journal of Ichthyology 53, no. 2: 195-198.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2012 in Science of The Total Environment
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The aim of this 12-year study was to assess the nekton (fish, decapod crustaceans) response to freshwater inputs (rainfall, dam discharges) in a temperate estuary with regulated riverine inflow. Although interannual variability in river discharges to the Guadalquivir estuary has been extremely high since the construction of a dam in 1930, a significant decreasing trend in the dam's discharges has been observed in the last 80 years. During this study, an alternation of wet, standard and dry years occurred in the estuarine area but no significant long-term trend was observed. River discharge, in turn, showed a considerable interannual variability and a significantly decreasing long-term trend. Freshwater inputs had an immediate effect on estuarine salinity and turbidity, and consequently on prey availability (mysids). Although 124 nektonic species were collected, only 47 of them (adding up to 99.7% of total abundance) were regularly present in the estuary: 32 marine migrants, 13 estuarine species and 2 diadromous species. Well-defined temporal changes in species composition and abundance yielded clear seasonal patterns in the estuarine nektonic community. Considerable intermonth and interannual changes were occasionally observed relating to freshwater inputs, mainly in winter/autumn of wet years. Thus, within each two-month period, some significant interannual differences in the nektonic community were also observed, with marine migrants tending to be more abundant in dry years. However, changes in the studied nektonic community did not show long-term trends. In conclusion, natural and human-controlled freshwater inputs currently play a significant role in determining the physicochemical conditions and the biota of the Guadalquivir estuary. However, although freshwater input seemed to transitorily affect the estuarine nekton, either directly (flushing out) or indirectly (through changes in salinity, turbidity and prey availability), a quick reestablishment of the estuarine nekton (strong resilience) was observed following freshwater inputs together with the recovery of environmental conditions within the estuary.

ACS Style

Enrique González-Ortegón; M.D. Subida; A.M. Arias; Francisco Baldó; Jose A. Cuesta; Carlos Fernández-Delgado; Cesar Vilas; P. Drake. Nekton response to freshwater inputs in a temperate European Estuary with regulated riverine inflow. Science of The Total Environment 2012, 440, 261 -271.

AMA Style

Enrique González-Ortegón, M.D. Subida, A.M. Arias, Francisco Baldó, Jose A. Cuesta, Carlos Fernández-Delgado, Cesar Vilas, P. Drake. Nekton response to freshwater inputs in a temperate European Estuary with regulated riverine inflow. Science of The Total Environment. 2012; 440 ():261-271.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrique González-Ortegón; M.D. Subida; A.M. Arias; Francisco Baldó; Jose A. Cuesta; Carlos Fernández-Delgado; Cesar Vilas; P. Drake. 2012. "Nekton response to freshwater inputs in a temperate European Estuary with regulated riverine inflow." Science of The Total Environment 440, no. : 261-271.

Journal article
Published: 15 August 2011 in Nature Precedings
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Biodiversity theories neglect individual-level variability in ecological interactions even though empirical work has revealed considerable genetic and phenotypic variation among individuals in natural populations. This impedes assessing the impact of individual-level variability on biodiversity in multi-trophic ecosystems. Here we use a density-dependent and individual-based food web model, tested against the largest individual-based food web to date, to show that non-random intraspecific variation in prey selection alters species diversity in food webs. Predators consuming many prey increase diversity by preferentially selecting common prey; predators consuming few prey inhibit diversity by preferentially selecting rare prey, putting them at risk of extinction. Thus species-level patterns cannot be explained by species-level averages, but instead must consider individual-level variation in prey selection. Individual-level variation occurs in many biological and social contexts, suggesting that analyses of individual-level interaction data will be relevant in a wide range of fields.

ACS Style

Carlos Melian; Cesar Vilas; Francisco Baldó; Enrique Gonzalez-Ortegon; Pilar Drake; Richard Williams. Intraspecific variability drives diversity in food webs. Nature Precedings 2011, 1 .

AMA Style

Carlos Melian, Cesar Vilas, Francisco Baldó, Enrique Gonzalez-Ortegon, Pilar Drake, Richard Williams. Intraspecific variability drives diversity in food webs. Nature Precedings. 2011; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Melian; Cesar Vilas; Francisco Baldó; Enrique Gonzalez-Ortegon; Pilar Drake; Richard Williams. 2011. "Intraspecific variability drives diversity in food webs." Nature Precedings , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2011 in Advances in Ecological Research
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The past decade has seen the rise of high resolution datasets. One of the main surprises of analysing such data has been the discovery of a large genetic, phenotypic and behavioural variation and heterogeneous metabolic rates among individuals within natural populations. A parallel discovery from theory and experiments has shown a strong temporal convergence between evolutionary and ecological dynamics, but a general framework to analyse from individual-level processes the convergence between ecological and evolutionary dynamics and its implications for patterns of biodiversity in food webs has been particularly lacking. Here, as a first approximation to take into account intraspecific variability and the convergence between the ecological and evolutionary dynamics in large food webs, we develop a model from population genomics and microevolutionary processes that uses sexual reproduction, genetic-distance-based speciation and trophic interactions. We confront the model with the prey consumption per individual predator, species-level connectance and prey-predator diversity in several environmental situations using a large food web with approximately 25,000 sampled prey and predator individuals. We show higher than expected diversity of abundant species in heterogeneous environmental conditions and strong deviations from the observed distribution of individual prey consumption (i.e. individual connectivity per predator) in all the environmental conditions. The observed large variance in individual prey consumption regardless of the environmental variability collapsed species-level connectance after small increases in sampling effort. These results suggest (1) intraspecific variance in prey-predator interactions has a strong effect on the macroscopic properties of food webs and (2) intraspecific variance is a potential driver regulating the speed of the convergence between ecological and evolutionary dynamics in species-rich food webs. These results also suggest that genetic-ecological drift driven by sexual reproduction, equal feeding rate among predator individuals, mutations and genetic-distance-based speciation can be used as a neutral food web dynamics test to detect the ecological and microevolutionary processes underlying the observed patterns of individual and species-based food webs at local and macroecological scales. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.CJM was supported in part as Postdoctoral Associates at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a center funded by NSF (Grant EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. CJM also acknowledges support from Microsoft Research Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom.Peer Reviewe

ACS Style

Carlos Melian; Cesar Vilas; Francisco Baldó; Enrique González-Ortegón; Pilar Drake; Richard Williams. Eco-evolutionary Dynamics of Individual-Based Food Webs. Advances in Ecological Research 2011, 225 -268.

AMA Style

Carlos Melian, Cesar Vilas, Francisco Baldó, Enrique González-Ortegón, Pilar Drake, Richard Williams. Eco-evolutionary Dynamics of Individual-Based Food Webs. Advances in Ecological Research. 2011; ():225-268.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Melian; Cesar Vilas; Francisco Baldó; Enrique González-Ortegón; Pilar Drake; Richard Williams. 2011. "Eco-evolutionary Dynamics of Individual-Based Food Webs." Advances in Ecological Research , no. : 225-268.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2007 in Hydrobiologia
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Within the Guadalquivir estuary, young recruits of marine species seem to respond to changes in freshwater flow by moving with the mass of estuarine water that is most “suitable” for them. The control of the river flow, from a dam 110 km upstream from the river mouth, has an immediate effect on the estuarine salinity gradient, displacing it either seaward or upstream. Consequently, there is a reduction or enlargement of the estuarine area that is used as nursery grounds. The analysis of the temporal estuarine recruitment and spatial distribution of young stages of marine species, during six annual cycles, provides evidence that the estuarine zone used as nursery grounds is mainly that part situated seaward from an isohaline value of 5. The relationship between the position of that isohaline (D5) and the freshwater discharges from the dam was also examined during high and low tides. It was found that a high percentage of the isohaline position variation (75% and 73% at high and low tides, respectively) can be explained by the freshwater volume discharged from the dam during the previous week. These preliminary results suggest that an accurate model of the relationship between these two variables may be a useful tool for future management strategies of freshwater discharges to the estuary.

ACS Style

Carlos Fernández-Delgado; Francisco Baldó; Cesar Vilas; D. García-González; Jose A. Cuesta; Enrique González-Ortegón; Pilar Drake. Effects of the river discharge management on the nursery function of the Guadalquivir river estuary (SW Spain). Hydrobiologia 2007, 587, 125 -136.

AMA Style

Carlos Fernández-Delgado, Francisco Baldó, Cesar Vilas, D. García-González, Jose A. Cuesta, Enrique González-Ortegón, Pilar Drake. Effects of the river discharge management on the nursery function of the Guadalquivir river estuary (SW Spain). Hydrobiologia. 2007; 587 (1):125-136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Fernández-Delgado; Francisco Baldó; Cesar Vilas; D. García-González; Jose A. Cuesta; Enrique González-Ortegón; Pilar Drake. 2007. "Effects of the river discharge management on the nursery function of the Guadalquivir river estuary (SW Spain)." Hydrobiologia 587, no. 1: 125-136.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2007 in Journal of Fish Biology
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P. Drake; A. Borlán; Enrique González-Ortegón; Francisco Baldó; Cesar Vilas; Carlos Fernández-Delgado. Spatio-temporal distribution of early life stages of the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus L. within a European temperate estuary with regulated freshwater inflow: effects of environmental variables. Journal of Fish Biology 2007, 70, 1689 -1709.

AMA Style

P. Drake, A. Borlán, Enrique González-Ortegón, Francisco Baldó, Cesar Vilas, Carlos Fernández-Delgado. Spatio-temporal distribution of early life stages of the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus L. within a European temperate estuary with regulated freshwater inflow: effects of environmental variables. Journal of Fish Biology. 2007; 70 (6):1689-1709.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. Drake; A. Borlán; Enrique González-Ortegón; Francisco Baldó; Cesar Vilas; Carlos Fernández-Delgado. 2007. "Spatio-temporal distribution of early life stages of the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus L. within a European temperate estuary with regulated freshwater inflow: effects of environmental variables." Journal of Fish Biology 70, no. 6: 1689-1709.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2006 in Scientia Marina
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Ichthyoplankton samples and hydrological data were obtained in an inshore area, between the mouths of the Rivers Guadalquivir and Guadiana (Gulf of Cádiz, SW Spain) during monthly surveys carried out from March 2002 to March 2003. Horizontal and temporal distributions of wedge sole (Dicologlossa cuneata) egg and larval abundances were analysed during this annual cycle in relation to environmental parameters. This area proved to be an important spawning and nursery ground for the species, which showed a winter-spring reproductive strategy with a long reproductive period lasting from autumn until early summer. Spawning areas were located in the shallowest waters (above 30 m depth) between the mouths of the Rives Guadiana and Tinto-Odiel, and to a lesser extent in the coastal zone between the mouths of the Rivers Tinto-Odiel and Guadalquivir. The spawning habitat was mainly determined by the distribution of the adults, the bathymetry and the temperature, and a preference for shallow and colder waters was observed. The inshore zone between the mouths of the Rivers Tinto-Odiel and Guadalquivir is the main nursery ground, with the greatest larval concentration and productivity in the area, due to the influence of the River Guadalquivir. The presence of recruits in this area may be linked to these favourable conditions for larval growth and survival

ACS Style

Eva Garcia-Isarch; Ana Juárez; Javier Ruiz; Zeneida Romero; Paz Jiménez; Francisco Baldó. Spawning and nursery habitat of the wedge sole Dicologlossa cuneata (Moreau, 1881) in the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Spain). Scientia Marina 2006, 70, 123 -136.

AMA Style

Eva Garcia-Isarch, Ana Juárez, Javier Ruiz, Zeneida Romero, Paz Jiménez, Francisco Baldó. Spawning and nursery habitat of the wedge sole Dicologlossa cuneata (Moreau, 1881) in the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Spain). Scientia Marina. 2006; 70 (S2):123-136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eva Garcia-Isarch; Ana Juárez; Javier Ruiz; Zeneida Romero; Paz Jiménez; Francisco Baldó. 2006. "Spawning and nursery habitat of the wedge sole Dicologlossa cuneata (Moreau, 1881) in the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Spain)." Scientia Marina 70, no. S2: 123-136.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2006 in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
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The meteorological and oceanographic factors that have clear influence on the distribution of Engraulis encrasicolus eggs and larvae in shelf waters of the northeastern sector of the Gulf of Cádiz has been analyzed. Very high concentrations of anchovy eggs and larvae were found in this area during the spawning period (from March 2002 to September of 2002). The shallowness of the water column, the influence of the Guadalquivir River, and the local topography favor the existence of warm and chlorophyll-rich waters in the area, thus offering a favorable environment for the development of eggs and larvae. However, during spring and early summer intense easterlies were observed to cause a decrease of the water temperature by several degrees. Easterlies generate oligotrophic conditions in the area, and their persistence forces the offshore transport of waters over this portion of the shelf, advecting early life stages away from favorable conditions. These negative influences on the development conditions of anchovy eggs and larvae can impact on the recruitment of this species in the Gulf of Cádiz. Therefore, inter-annual fluctuations in the duration of intense easterly winds is analyzed and discussed in connection with anchovy catches.

ACS Style

Javier Ruiz; Eva García-Isarch; Emma Huertas; Laura Prieto; Ana Juárez; José Luís Muñoz; Alfonso Sánchez-Lamadrid; Susana Rodriguez-Galvez; José María Naranjo; Francisco Baldó. Meteorological and oceanographic factors influencing Engraulis encrasicolus early life stages and catches in the Gulf of Cádiz. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 2006, 53, 1363 -1376.

AMA Style

Javier Ruiz, Eva García-Isarch, Emma Huertas, Laura Prieto, Ana Juárez, José Luís Muñoz, Alfonso Sánchez-Lamadrid, Susana Rodriguez-Galvez, José María Naranjo, Francisco Baldó. Meteorological and oceanographic factors influencing Engraulis encrasicolus early life stages and catches in the Gulf of Cádiz. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 2006; 53 (11-13):1363-1376.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Ruiz; Eva García-Isarch; Emma Huertas; Laura Prieto; Ana Juárez; José Luís Muñoz; Alfonso Sánchez-Lamadrid; Susana Rodriguez-Galvez; José María Naranjo; Francisco Baldó. 2006. "Meteorological and oceanographic factors influencing Engraulis encrasicolus early life stages and catches in the Gulf of Cádiz." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 53, no. 11-13: 1363-1376.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2006 in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
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Monthly cruises were carried out during an annual cycle in a coastal fringe located at the northeastern shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz, characterised by its important and diverse fishery activity, in order to study the ichthyoplankton abundance, composition and seasonality. From March 2002 to March 2003, the abundance of fish eggs and larvae was estimated monthly at 26 sampling stations in the area. The mean abundance through the analysed period was 955 eggs/100 m3 and 326 larvae/100 m3 of the total species of fish caught. Higher mean densities occurred during the warmest months. Three commercially important species in the area (anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus, sardine Sardina pilchardus and wegde sole Dicologlossa cuneata) represented 57% and 50% of mean fish eggs and larval concentrations, respectively. Anchovy eggs and larvae were the most abundant in the area, each representing 33% of the total mean fish egg and larval concentrations. Temporal variations in the abundance of eggs and larvae showed different reproduction patterns for the analysed species: while anchovy reproduction mainly occurred during the spring–summer period, sardine reproduced during autumn–winter whereas wedge sole was mainly winter–spring spawner in the area. Furthermore, the spatial distribution was different for the early stages of these three species. Cluster analysis of the sampling stations (based on Bray–Curtis similarities derived from the annual mean concentrations of eggs and larvae of the three species) revealed four well-defined areas: a coastal western sector, a coastal eastern sector, an offshore sector and a single sampling station, close to the Guadalquivir River mouth, which showed a high degree of accordance with the oceanographic characterisation of the area.

ACS Style

F. Baldó; Eva García-Isarch; M.P. Jiménez; Z. Romero; A. Sánchez-Lamadrid; I.A. Catalán. Spatial and temporal distribution of the early life stages of three commercial fish species in the northeastern shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 2006, 53, 1391 -1401.

AMA Style

F. Baldó, Eva García-Isarch, M.P. Jiménez, Z. Romero, A. Sánchez-Lamadrid, I.A. Catalán. Spatial and temporal distribution of the early life stages of three commercial fish species in the northeastern shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 2006; 53 (11-13):1391-1401.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Baldó; Eva García-Isarch; M.P. Jiménez; Z. Romero; A. Sánchez-Lamadrid; I.A. Catalán. 2006. "Spatial and temporal distribution of the early life stages of three commercial fish species in the northeastern shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 53, no. 11-13: 1391-1401.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2006 in Hydrobiologia
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Monthly samples were taken from May 1997 to March 2002 at three sampling sites within the last 32 km of the Guadalquivir Estuary. Twenty-four decapod crustacean species were recorded of which Crangon crangon (Linnaeus), Melicertus kerathurus (Forskal), and Palaemon spp. represented 99% of all collected individuals. These three dominant species showed a similar seasonal density pattern even though peaks in M. kerathurus were lower. Their densities were positively correlated (p < 0.01) with water temperature and salinity, but negatively with turbidity. The highest correlation corresponded to temperature in Palaemon spp. and to salinity in C. crangon and M. kerathurus. Therefore, the total estuarine decapod density also showed a regular seasonal pattern having the lowest figures in late autumn and winter and the highest in spring and summer. In addition, it was positively correlated with water temperature and salinity, but negatively with turbidity. Density decreased upstream, mainly due to the higher density of C. crangon and M. kerathurus in more saline waters. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling ordination of samples also indicated a regular seasonal change in the community, even though inter-year differences between dry and rainy winters were especially great. The first ordination axis was significantly correlated with environmental variables, while the second axis seemed to split samples up following seasonal community changes in species’ composition and dominance.

ACS Style

Jose A. Cuesta; Enrique González-Ortegón; A. Rodriguez; Francisco Baldó; Cesar Vilas; P. Drake. The Decapod Custacean Community of the Guadalquivir Estuary (SW Spain): Seasonal and Inter-Year Changes in Community Structure. Hydrobiologia 2006, 557, 85 -95.

AMA Style

Jose A. Cuesta, Enrique González-Ortegón, A. Rodriguez, Francisco Baldó, Cesar Vilas, P. Drake. The Decapod Custacean Community of the Guadalquivir Estuary (SW Spain): Seasonal and Inter-Year Changes in Community Structure. Hydrobiologia. 2006; 557 (1):85-95.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose A. Cuesta; Enrique González-Ortegón; A. Rodriguez; Francisco Baldó; Cesar Vilas; P. Drake. 2006. "The Decapod Custacean Community of the Guadalquivir Estuary (SW Spain): Seasonal and Inter-Year Changes in Community Structure." Hydrobiologia 557, no. 1: 85-95.