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Albert Fekete
Institute of Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning and Garden Art, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary

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Review
Published: 05 July 2021 in Earth
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Looking at the urban development of the past two centuries, we can conclude that engineers and architects have been dominating the field of urban design all over Europe. Architects played the most important role, which became even more significant with the increase of urban development. Beyond the architectural approach, a greater importance had been attributed to ecological aspects of urban planning by the turn of the 20th century as, for example, the advance of the garden city movement illustrates. This article focuses on the review of crucial open-space renewal projects from two Eastern European cities and China. The case studies are used to shed light on the characteristics and historical values of contemporary open-space design, based on innovative and landscape architectural approaches and artistic solutions. The study shows that the original role of urban open spaces was significantly extended during the first decades of the 21st century. The increased needs for representation—commercial, cultural and living functions, and ecological and healthy benefits—led to a multifunctional approach in design and planning. The renewal of the historic urban open spaces is carried out under an integrated framework and a unified goal: the development-oriented heritage conservation. Based on strong economic aspects, the general tendency is clearly positive—in spite of still-existing problematic issues (for instance, the management of public transport or the status of public utilities). In the time of a growing awareness of open-space heritage, this overview tries to depict possible general principles of a long-term renewal strategy built on local identity, heritage values and social sustainability.

ACS Style

Albert Fekete; Katarzyna Hodor; Daixin Dai. Urban Sustainability through Innovative Open Space Design. A Novel Approach to the Regeneration of Historic Open Spaces in Some Eastern European Countries and China. Earth 2021, 2, 405 -423.

AMA Style

Albert Fekete, Katarzyna Hodor, Daixin Dai. Urban Sustainability through Innovative Open Space Design. A Novel Approach to the Regeneration of Historic Open Spaces in Some Eastern European Countries and China. Earth. 2021; 2 (3):405-423.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Albert Fekete; Katarzyna Hodor; Daixin Dai. 2021. "Urban Sustainability through Innovative Open Space Design. A Novel Approach to the Regeneration of Historic Open Spaces in Some Eastern European Countries and China." Earth 2, no. 3: 405-423.

Journal article
Published: 14 April 2021 in Sustainability
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The phenomenon of urban sprawl has caused radical changes in the spatial structure of cities and rural areas all around the world. Syria is among the developing countries that have experienced this phenomenon. Some of the resulted processes of urban sprawl like urbanization and counter-urbanization have had a clear impact on the land use and lifestyle in both cities and the countryside of different regions in Syria. This research focuses on the coastal region and the spatial changes that affected the nature of social life, such as the rapid growth of the population, the expansion of cities, and the new developments, which in turn have led to considerable changes in the relationship and scale of the house, garden, and landscape. The research studies the development of the rural housing model in the coastal region and its relation to the surrounding landscape. It tracks three phases of the housing unit’s development and conducts a comparative study on four villages using a questionnaire to evaluate the performance of those units. The results of this research show significant change in the relationship between rural and urban areas resulting from the new residential developments, as well as the relationship of land use and the historic plot structure and that of the garden and the house into the overall character of the landscape.

ACS Style

Nebras Khadour; Nawarah Basha; Máté Sárospataki; Albert Fekete. Correlation between Land Use and the Transformation of Rural Housing Model in the Coastal Region of Syria. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4357 .

AMA Style

Nebras Khadour, Nawarah Basha, Máté Sárospataki, Albert Fekete. Correlation between Land Use and the Transformation of Rural Housing Model in the Coastal Region of Syria. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4357.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nebras Khadour; Nawarah Basha; Máté Sárospataki; Albert Fekete. 2021. "Correlation between Land Use and the Transformation of Rural Housing Model in the Coastal Region of Syria." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4357.