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Gonçalo Ferraz
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15007, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil

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Journal article
Published: 30 August 2021 in Diversity
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Amazona is the largest genus of the Psittacidae, one of the most threatened bird families. Here, we study four species of Amazona (Amazona brasiliensis, A. pretrei, A. vinacea, and A. rhodocorytha) that are dependent on a highly vulnerable biome: the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. To examine their distribution and abundance, we compile abundance estimates and counts, and develop site-occupancy models of their geographic range. These models integrate data from formal research and citizen science platforms to estimate probabilistic maps of the species’ occurrence throughout their range. Estimated range areas varied from 15,000 km2 for A. brasiliensis to more than 400,000 km2 for A. vinacea. While A. vinacea is the only species with a statistical estimate of abundance (~8000 individuals), A. pretrei has the longest time series of roost counts, and A. rhodocorytha has the least information about population size. The highest number of individuals counted in one year was for A. pretrei (~20,000), followed by A. brasiliensis (~9000). Continued modeling of research and citizen science data, matched with collaborative designed surveys that count parrots at their non-breeding roosts, are essential for an appropriate assessment of the species’ status, as well as for examining the outcome of conservation actions.

ACS Style

Viviane Zulian; David A. W. Miller; Gonçalo Ferraz. Endemic and Threatened Amazona Parrots of the Atlantic Forest: An Overview of Their Geographic Range and Population Size. Diversity 2021, 13, 416 .

AMA Style

Viviane Zulian, David A. W. Miller, Gonçalo Ferraz. Endemic and Threatened Amazona Parrots of the Atlantic Forest: An Overview of Their Geographic Range and Population Size. Diversity. 2021; 13 (9):416.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Viviane Zulian; David A. W. Miller; Gonçalo Ferraz. 2021. "Endemic and Threatened Amazona Parrots of the Atlantic Forest: An Overview of Their Geographic Range and Population Size." Diversity 13, no. 9: 416.

Preprint content
Published: 11 April 2021
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Mapping species distributions is a crucial but challenging requirement of wildlife management. The frequent need to sample vast expanses of potential habitat increases the cost of planned surveys and rewards accumulation of opportunistic observations. In this paper, we integrate planned survey data from roost counts with opportunistic samples from eBird, WikiAves and Xeno-canto citizen-science platforms to map the geographic range of the endangered Vinaceous-breasted Parrot. We demonstrate the estimation and mapping of species occurrence based on data integration while accounting for specifics of each data set, including observation technique and uncertainty about the observations. Our analysis illustrates 1) the incorporation of sampling effort, spatial autocorrelation, and site covariates in a joint-likelihood, hierarchical, data-integration model; 2) the evaluation of the contribution of each data set, as well as the contribution of effort covariates, spatial autocorrelation, and site covariates to the predictive ability of fitted models using a cross-validation approach; and 3) how spatial representation of the latent occupancy state (i.e. realized occupancy) helps identify areas with high uncertainty that should be prioritized in future field work. Our results reveal a Vinaceous-breasted Parrot geographic range of 434,670 km2, which is three times larger than the ‘Extant’ area previously reported in the IUCN Red List. The exclusion of one data set at a time from the analyses always resulted in worse predictions by the models of truncated data than by the full model, which included all data sets. Likewise, exclusion of spatial autocorrelation, site covariates, or sampling effort resulted in worse predictions. The integration of different data sets into one joint-likelihood model produced a more reliable representation of the species range than any individual data set taken on its own improving the use of citizen science data in combination with planned survey results.

ACS Style

Viviane Zulian; David A. W. Miller; Gonçalo Ferraz. Improving estimation of species distribution from citizen-science records using data-integration models. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Viviane Zulian, David A. W. Miller, Gonçalo Ferraz. Improving estimation of species distribution from citizen-science records using data-integration models. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Viviane Zulian; David A. W. Miller; Gonçalo Ferraz. 2021. "Improving estimation of species distribution from citizen-science records using data-integration models." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde
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Resumo Objetivo Comparar o mapeamento oficial com um mapeamento probabilístico da infestação por Aedes spp. nos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Métodos Estudo ecológico com dados de amostras de criadouros em 2016-2017; obteve-se a classificação oficial em boletins epidemiológicos e estimou-se a probabilidade de infestação por município e semana, ajustando-se um modelo dinâmico de ocupação de sítios aos dados da vigilância epidemiológica municipal. Resultados 187.245 amostras coletadas em 473 municípios originaram 10.648 detecções de Aedes aegypti e 8.414 de Aedes albopictus; o mapeamento oficial concorda com o probabilístico em municípios da região noroeste e oeste do RS; os mapeamentos discordam nas regiões leste, centro, nordeste e sul, revelando municípios oficialmente não infestados com alta probabilidade de infestação e notificação de arboviroses. Conclusão A classificação oficial identificou infestação nos municípios infestados do noroeste e oeste, e não identificou infestação em municípios com possíveis falsos zeros e onde ela varia temporalmente.

ACS Style

André Luís Luza; Carolina Brandt Gualdi; Lúcia Maria Lopes de Almeida Guedes Diefenbach; Lavinia Schüler-Faccini; Gonçalo Ferraz. Mapeamento dinâmico da probabilidade de infestação por vetores urbanos de arbovírus nos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016-2017. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde 2021, 30, e2020154 .

AMA Style

André Luís Luza, Carolina Brandt Gualdi, Lúcia Maria Lopes de Almeida Guedes Diefenbach, Lavinia Schüler-Faccini, Gonçalo Ferraz. Mapeamento dinâmico da probabilidade de infestação por vetores urbanos de arbovírus nos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016-2017. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde. 2021; 30 (2):e2020154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

André Luís Luza; Carolina Brandt Gualdi; Lúcia Maria Lopes de Almeida Guedes Diefenbach; Lavinia Schüler-Faccini; Gonçalo Ferraz. 2021. "Mapeamento dinâmico da probabilidade de infestação por vetores urbanos de arbovírus nos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016-2017." Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde 30, no. 2: e2020154.

Journal article
Published: 24 August 2020 in Nature Climate Change
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Theory and observation suggest that populations of long-lived organisms fare worse than short-lived counterparts when submitted to increased mortality. Now, research shows that longevity affords the prospect of reducing mortality by breeding less under stress.

ACS Style

Gonçalo Ferraz. The privilege of longevity. Nature Climate Change 2020, 10, 890 -891.

AMA Style

Gonçalo Ferraz. The privilege of longevity. Nature Climate Change. 2020; 10 (10):890-891.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gonçalo Ferraz. 2020. "The privilege of longevity." Nature Climate Change 10, no. 10: 890-891.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2020 in Biological Conservation
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Population size is a key predictor of extinction risk and is critical to listing species in IUCN threat categories. Assessing population size can be particularly difficult for gregarious species, such as parrots—one of the most threatened bird families—whose ecology and behavior generate multiple sources of uncertainty that need to be addressed in monitoring efforts. To improve estimates of abundance for the endangered Vinaceous-breasted Parrot (Amazona vinacea), we combined extensive roost counts over the global range of the species (Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil) with an intensive regional survey designed to address five sources of uncertainty about parrot abundance in western Santa Catarina state (WSC), Brazil, in 2016 and 2017. We estimated abundance at both regional and whole-range scales using N-mixture models of replicated count data, which account for imperfect detection. The regional-scale estimate was 1826 ± 236 and 1896 ± 105 individuals for 2016 and 2017, respectively; global abundance was estimated at 7789 ± 655 and 8483 ± 693 individuals for the same two years. We found no statistical evidence of population change at either scale of the analysis. Although our assessments of abundance and geographic range are larger than those currently reported by the IUCN, we suggest the Vinaceous-breasted Parrot should remain in the ‘Endangered’ IUCN threat category pending further investigation of population trends. We recommend that roost-monitoring programs for parrots consider and address sources of uncertainty through adequate field protocols and statistical analyses, to better inform assessments of population size, trends, and threat status.

ACS Style

Viviane Zulian; Eliara Solange Müller; Kristina Cockle; Arne Lesterhuis; Roberto Tomasi Júnior; Nêmora Pauletti Prestes; Jaime Martinez; Marc Kéry; Gonçalo Ferraz. Addressing multiple sources of uncertainty in the estimation of global parrot abundance from roost counts: A case study with the Vinaceous-breasted Parrot (Amazona vinacea). Biological Conservation 2020, 248, 108672 .

AMA Style

Viviane Zulian, Eliara Solange Müller, Kristina Cockle, Arne Lesterhuis, Roberto Tomasi Júnior, Nêmora Pauletti Prestes, Jaime Martinez, Marc Kéry, Gonçalo Ferraz. Addressing multiple sources of uncertainty in the estimation of global parrot abundance from roost counts: A case study with the Vinaceous-breasted Parrot (Amazona vinacea). Biological Conservation. 2020; 248 ():108672.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Viviane Zulian; Eliara Solange Müller; Kristina Cockle; Arne Lesterhuis; Roberto Tomasi Júnior; Nêmora Pauletti Prestes; Jaime Martinez; Marc Kéry; Gonçalo Ferraz. 2020. "Addressing multiple sources of uncertainty in the estimation of global parrot abundance from roost counts: A case study with the Vinaceous-breasted Parrot (Amazona vinacea)." Biological Conservation 248, no. : 108672.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2020 in The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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The Aedes aegypti mosquito inhabits most tropical and subtropical regions of the globe, where it transmits arboviral diseases of substantial public health relevance, such as dengue fever. In subtropical regions, Ae. aegypti often presents an annual abundance cycle driven by weather conditions. Because different population states may show varying responses to control, we are interested in studying what time of the year is most appropriate for control. To do so, we developed two dynamic site-occupancy models based on more than 200 weeks of mosquito trapping data from nearly 900 sites in a subtropical Brazilian city. Our phenomenological, Markovian models, fitted to data in a Bayesian framework, accounted for failure to detect mosquitoes in two alternative ways and for temporal variation in dynamic rates of local extinction and colonization of new sites. Infestation varied from nearly full cover of the city area in late summer, to between 10% and 67% of sites occupied in winter depending on the model. Sensitivity analysis reveals that changes in dynamic rates should have the greatest impact on site occupancy during autumn and early winter months, when the mosquito population is declining. We discuss the implications of this finding to the timing of mosquito control.

ACS Style

Guilherme Barradas Mores; Lavinia Schuler-Faccini; Heinrich Hasenack; Liane Oliveira Fetzer; Getúlio Dornelles Souza; Gonçalo Ferraz. Site Occupancy by Aedes aegypti in a Subtropical City is Most Sensitive to Control during Autumn and Winter Months. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2020, 103, 445 -454.

AMA Style

Guilherme Barradas Mores, Lavinia Schuler-Faccini, Heinrich Hasenack, Liane Oliveira Fetzer, Getúlio Dornelles Souza, Gonçalo Ferraz. Site Occupancy by Aedes aegypti in a Subtropical City is Most Sensitive to Control during Autumn and Winter Months. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2020; 103 (1):445-454.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guilherme Barradas Mores; Lavinia Schuler-Faccini; Heinrich Hasenack; Liane Oliveira Fetzer; Getúlio Dornelles Souza; Gonçalo Ferraz. 2020. "Site Occupancy by Aedes aegypti in a Subtropical City is Most Sensitive to Control during Autumn and Winter Months." The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 103, no. 1: 445-454.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in The Auk
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The search for explanations of the well-documented positive relationship between latitude and avian clutch size has created the expectation that tropical birds should balance their smaller clutch sizes with relatively high survival probabilities. So far, efforts to detect a latitudinal gradient in survival have found no statistical support, leading to the hypothesis that a gradient may be present in the survival of juveniles alone. Such a gradient could be masked by the data on adults when field records make no distinction between ages. We aimed to (1) assess the effect of age on survival of tropical birds by estimating age-specific annual apparent survival probabilities for a set of 40 passerine understory species from the central Brazilian Amazon and (2) test the hypothesis of a latitudinal gradient in adult survival with a meta-analysis of tropical and temperate-zone forest passerine survival probabilities at study areas from Peru to Alaska. We estimated age-specific survival using a hierarchical, multispecies Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model that treats species-specific parameters as random effects. To extend our analysis to data on birds of unknown age at the time of banding, we developed a novel CJS model with a mixture component for the survival of birds of unknown age. We found a strong effect of age on survival at our site, with juveniles having lower survival than adults. The meta-analysis of 342 survival estimates from 175 species and a latitude span of >60 degrees revealed a negative effect of latitude on survival, which supports the widely accepted hypothesis that, on average, tropical birds have higher annual survival than their temperate counterparts. We conclude that there is no need for an alternative latitudinal trend in juvenile survival to account for the general trend in clutch size. A busca por explicações para o bem documentado gradiente latitudinal do tamanho de postura em aves criou a expectativa de que as aves tropicais deveriam compensar suas posturas relativamente pequenas com probabilidades de sobrevivência altas. Até hoje, a busca empírica de um gradiente latitudinal de sobrevivência não encontrou suporte estatístico, o que gerou a hipótese de que talvez exista um gradiente que se manifesta apenas nos juvenis. Tal gradiente poderia ser mascarado pelos dados de adultos em observações de campo que não fazem distinção entre idades. Neste estudo pretendemos: a) avaliar o efeito da idade na sobrevivência de aves tropicais através da estimativa de probabilidades anuais de sobrevivência aparente de jovens e adultos em quarenta espécies de passeriformes de sub-bosque da floresta de terra firma na Amazônia Central; e b) testar a hipótese de um gradiente latitudinal de sobrevivência de adultos usando uma meta-análise de estimativas de sobrevivência de passeriformes de floresta tropical, temperada e boreal desde o Peru ao Alaska. Estimamos a probabilidade de sobrevivência específica da idade com um modelo hierárquico Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) de múltiplas espécies que trata os parâmetros espécies-específicos como efeitos randômicos. Para estender nossa análise aos indivíduos de idade desconhecida no momento do anilhamento, desenvolvemos um novo modelo CJS com um componente de mistura para a sobrevivência das aves de idade incerta. Nossos resultados indicam um forte efeito da idade na sobrevivência no nosso sítio de estudo, com os jovens sobrevivendo menos que os adultos. A meta-análise de 342 estimativas de sobrevivência de 175 espécies e um intervalo de latitudes com mais de sessenta graus revelou um efeito negativo da latitude na sobrevivência, o que suporta a ideia amplamente aceite de que, em média, as aves tropicais têm sobrevivência anual mais alta que as aves de regiões temperadas. Concluímos que, para explicar o gradiente latitudinal no tamanho de postura, não há necessidade de invocar a hipótese alternativa de um gradiente latitudinal na sobrevivência de juvenis. Palavras chave: Amazônia, aves tropicais, Cormack-Jolly-Seber, incerteza de idade, modelo hierárquico, modelo de sobrevivência com mistura de idades, sobrevivência idade-específica

ACS Style

Alejandra Pizarro Muñoz; Marc Kéry; Pedro Vitor Martins; Gonçalo Ferraz. Age effects on survival of Amazon forest birds and the latitudinal gradient in bird survival. The Auk 2018, 135, 299 -313.

AMA Style

Alejandra Pizarro Muñoz, Marc Kéry, Pedro Vitor Martins, Gonçalo Ferraz. Age effects on survival of Amazon forest birds and the latitudinal gradient in bird survival. The Auk. 2018; 135 (2):299-313.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alejandra Pizarro Muñoz; Marc Kéry; Pedro Vitor Martins; Gonçalo Ferraz. 2018. "Age effects on survival of Amazon forest birds and the latitudinal gradient in bird survival." The Auk 135, no. 2: 299-313.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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Dynamic flow regimes maintain critical connections between main channel and adjacent floodplain habitats that provide fish access to shelter, foraging, and spawning opportunities. Our study advances the understanding of these processes by exploring the importance of coupled longitudinal–lateral connectivity for determining species occurrence in headwater streams of the Amazon. Using a multispecies occupancy model, we revealed a clear pattern of species addition in the downstream direction in temporary floodplain ponds, associated with changes in the pool of potential colonists present in the channel and with increasing lateral hydrologic connectivity. Species that are more tolerant of stagnant waters and those able to disperse in shallow habitats (e.g., Anablepsoides micropus) occurred frequently in ponds along the entire longitudinal extent, whereas those species preferring lotic habitats were present only in the most downstream sites. We also observed increasing similarity of pond and channel communities with distance downstream. This study provides insights on the spatial structuring of tropical fish communities in response to flood-induced hydrologic connectivity and further highlights the vulnerability of floodplain fishes to modification in flooding regimes.

ACS Style

Thiago Belisario D’Araújo Couto; Jansen Zuanon; Julian D. Olden; Gonçalo Ferraz. Longitudinal variability in lateral hydrologic connectivity shapes fish occurrence in temporary floodplain ponds. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2018, 75, 319 -328.

AMA Style

Thiago Belisario D’Araújo Couto, Jansen Zuanon, Julian D. Olden, Gonçalo Ferraz. Longitudinal variability in lateral hydrologic connectivity shapes fish occurrence in temporary floodplain ponds. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2018; 75 (2):319-328.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thiago Belisario D’Araújo Couto; Jansen Zuanon; Julian D. Olden; Gonçalo Ferraz. 2018. "Longitudinal variability in lateral hydrologic connectivity shapes fish occurrence in temporary floodplain ponds." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 2: 319-328.

Research article
Published: 07 April 2015 in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
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Mosquito-borne pathogens pose major public health challenges worldwide. With vaccines or effective drugs still unavailable for most such pathogens, disease prevention heavily relies on vector control. To date, however, mosquito control has proven difficult, with low breeding-site coverage during control campaigns identified as a major drawback. A novel tactic exploits the egg-laying behavior of mosquitoes to have them disseminate tiny particles of a potent larvicide, pyriproxyfen (PPF), from resting to breeding sites, thus improving coverage. This approach has yielded promising results at small spatial scales, but its wider applicability remains unclear. We conducted a four-month trial within a 20-month study to investigate mosquito-driven dissemination of PPF dust-particles from 100 ‘dissemination stations’ (DSs) deployed in a 7-ha sub-area to surveillance dwellings and sentinel breeding sites (SBSs) distributed over an urban neighborhood of about 50 ha. We assessed the impact of the trial by measuring juvenile mosquito mortality and adult mosquito emergence in each SBS-month. Using data from 1,075 dwelling-months, 2,988 SBS-months, and 29,922 individual mosquitoes, we show that mosquito-disseminated PPF yielded high coverage of dwellings (up to 100%) and SBSs (up to 94.3%). Juvenile mosquito mortality in SBSs (about 4% at baseline) increased by over one order of magnitude during PPF dissemination (about 75%). This led to a >10-fold decrease of adult mosquito emergence from SBSs, from approximately 1,000–3,000 adults/month before to about 100 adults/month during PPF dissemination. By expanding breeding-site coverage and boosting juvenile mosquito mortality, a strategy based on mosquito-disseminated PPF has potential to substantially enhance mosquito control. Sharp declines in adult mosquito emergence can lower vector/host ratios, reducing the risk of disease outbreaks. This approach is a very promising complement to current and novel mosquito control strategies; it will probably be especially relevant for the control of urban disease vectors, such as Aedes and Culex species, that often cause large epidemics.

ACS Style

Fernando Abad-Franch; Elvira Zamora-Perea; Gonçalo Ferraz; Samael D. Padilla-Torres; Sérgio L. B. Luz. Mosquito-Disseminated Pyriproxyfen Yields High Breeding-Site Coverage and Boosts Juvenile Mosquito Mortality at the Neighborhood Scale. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2015, 9, e0003702 .

AMA Style

Fernando Abad-Franch, Elvira Zamora-Perea, Gonçalo Ferraz, Samael D. Padilla-Torres, Sérgio L. B. Luz. Mosquito-Disseminated Pyriproxyfen Yields High Breeding-Site Coverage and Boosts Juvenile Mosquito Mortality at the Neighborhood Scale. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2015; 9 (4):e0003702.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Abad-Franch; Elvira Zamora-Perea; Gonçalo Ferraz; Samael D. Padilla-Torres; Sérgio L. B. Luz. 2015. "Mosquito-Disseminated Pyriproxyfen Yields High Breeding-Site Coverage and Boosts Juvenile Mosquito Mortality at the Neighborhood Scale." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 9, no. 4: e0003702.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2015 in Biological Conservation
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© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Forest regeneration may reduce the current loss of species due to tropical deforestation, but little is known about the extent and inter-specific variability of this effect. We compared the probability with which nine parrot species use old-growth and secondary forests in a ~400km2 Amazonian landscape, while considering two types of habitat use: perching and flyover use. Perching use, when individuals stop at a sampling site, implies resting, foraging, or breeding activities; flyover merely implies that parrots fly through, above the canopy at a site. We established 155 sampling sites spanning old growth and approximately 30-year-old secondary forest, and sampled them repeatedly using autonomous audio recorders. Perching and flyover use were distinguished based on the temporal variation of intensity in parrot vocalization sonograms. We modeled our data with a set of species-specific, multi-state occupancy models that estimate the probability of each type of use for both habitats while accounting for imperfect species detection. Models were fit in a maximum likelihood framework and ranked according to the Akaike information criterion. All but one species fly over both habitats with the same probability, while seven out of nine show a higher probability of perching in old growth than in secondary forest. Interspecific variation in response to habitat change was not explained by variation in body mass or relative brain size. After three decades of forest regeneration in our study area, there are still measurable differences in habitat use, with a broad tendency for parrots to favor old growth over secondary forest.Peer Reviewe

ACS Style

Luiza Figueira; José L. Tella; Ulisses M. Camargo; Gonçalo Ferraz. Autonomous sound monitoring shows higher use of Amazon old growth than secondary forest by parrots. Biological Conservation 2015, 184, 27 -35.

AMA Style

Luiza Figueira, José L. Tella, Ulisses M. Camargo, Gonçalo Ferraz. Autonomous sound monitoring shows higher use of Amazon old growth than secondary forest by parrots. Biological Conservation. 2015; 184 ():27-35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luiza Figueira; José L. Tella; Ulisses M. Camargo; Gonçalo Ferraz. 2015. "Autonomous sound monitoring shows higher use of Amazon old growth than secondary forest by parrots." Biological Conservation 184, no. : 27-35.

Comparative study
Published: 26 May 2014 in Tropical Medicine & International Health
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is more frequently reported in men than in women; this may be due to male-biased exposure to CL vectors, female-biased resistance against the disease or both. We sought to determine whether gender-specific exposure to vector habitats explains male-biased CL incidence in two human populations of central Amazonia. We compared the CL incidence in one population of field researchers (N = 166), with similar exposure for males and females, and one population of rural settlers (N = 646), where exposure is overall male-biased. We used a combination of questionnaires and clinical data to quantify CL cases, and modelled disease incidence in a Bayesian framework. There was a moderately higher incidence of CL among men than among women in both populations, but male bias decreased as exposure time increased. Disease incidence was overall higher among field researchers, suggesting that they are an important but understudied CL risk group. Our comparison of two contrasting populations provided epidemiological evidence that CL incidence can be male-biased even when exposure is comparable in both sexes.

ACS Style

Letícia Soares; Fernando Abad-Franch; Gonçalo Ferraz. Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in central Amazonia: a comparison of sex-biased incidence among rural settlers and field biologists. Tropical Medicine & International Health 2014, 19, 988 -995.

AMA Style

Letícia Soares, Fernando Abad-Franch, Gonçalo Ferraz. Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in central Amazonia: a comparison of sex-biased incidence among rural settlers and field biologists. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 2014; 19 (8):988-995.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Letícia Soares; Fernando Abad-Franch; Gonçalo Ferraz. 2014. "Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in central Amazonia: a comparison of sex-biased incidence among rural settlers and field biologists." Tropical Medicine & International Health 19, no. 8: 988-995.

Research article
Published: 05 March 2013 in PLOS ONE
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Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are the vectors of dengue, the most important arboviral disease of humans. To date, Aedes ecology studies have assumed that the vectors are truly absent from sites where they are not detected; since no perfect detection method exists, this assumption is questionable. Imperfect detection may bias estimates of key vector surveillance/control parameters, including site-occupancy (infestation) rates and control intervention effects. We used a modeling approach that explicitly accounts for imperfect detection and a 38-month, 55-site detection/non-detection dataset to quantify the effects of municipality/state control interventions on Aedes site-occupancy dynamics, considering meteorological and dwelling-level covariates. Ae. aegypti site-occupancy estimates (mean 0.91; range 0.79–0.97) were much higher than reported by routine surveillance based on ‘rapid larval surveys’ (0.03; 0.02–0.11) and moderately higher than directly ascertained with oviposition traps (0.68; 0.50–0.91). Regular control campaigns based on breeding-site elimination had no measurable effects on the probabilities of dwelling infestation by dengue vectors. Site-occupancy fluctuated seasonally, mainly due to the negative effects of high maximum (Ae. aegypti) and minimum (Ae. albopictus) summer temperatures (June-September). Rainfall and dwelling-level covariates were poor predictors of occupancy. The marked contrast between our estimates of adult vector presence and the results from ‘rapid larval surveys’ suggests, together with the lack of effect of local control campaigns on infestation, that many Aedes breeding sites were overlooked by vector control agents in our study setting. Better sampling strategies are urgently needed, particularly for the reliable assessment of infestation rates in the context of control program management. The approach we present here, combining oviposition traps and site-occupancy models, could greatly contribute to that crucial aim.

ACS Style

Samael D. Padilla-Torres; Gonçalo Ferraz; Sergio L. B. Luz; Elvira Zamora-Perea; Fernando Abad-Franch. Modeling Dengue Vector Dynamics under Imperfect Detection: Three Years of Site-Occupancy by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Urban Amazonia. PLOS ONE 2013, 8, e58420 .

AMA Style

Samael D. Padilla-Torres, Gonçalo Ferraz, Sergio L. B. Luz, Elvira Zamora-Perea, Fernando Abad-Franch. Modeling Dengue Vector Dynamics under Imperfect Detection: Three Years of Site-Occupancy by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Urban Amazonia. PLOS ONE. 2013; 8 (3):e58420.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samael D. Padilla-Torres; Gonçalo Ferraz; Sergio L. B. Luz; Elvira Zamora-Perea; Fernando Abad-Franch. 2013. "Modeling Dengue Vector Dynamics under Imperfect Detection: Three Years of Site-Occupancy by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Urban Amazonia." PLOS ONE 8, no. 3: e58420.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2013 in Diversity and Distributions
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To offer a test of expert knowledge about rarity of twenty Amazon forest bird species following an approach that equates rarity with low site occupancy and formally accounts for imperfect species detection. We define ten pairs of closely related species, each pair with one hypothetically common and one hypothetically rare species. Our null hypothesis is that members of each pair have similar occupancy, with hypothesized differences due to detection errors alone. A 1000-ha plot of primary rainforest in the central Brazilian Amazon. We visited each of 55 sampling sites multiple times per season for three field seasons and estimated the probability of site occupancy by each species following a maximum likelihood state-space approach that also estimates the probability that a species is present yet undetected at a site. To maximize detection and account for its variation, we employed three different sampling techniques while systematically training and testing observer's ability to recognize species. Occupancy estimates agree with expert predictions in all but two species pairs and show no evidence of clear temporal variation in occupancy between sampling seasons. Detection probability had a positive relation with observer ability, a strong relation to time of day across species, and a strong relation with the use of playback for some species. Detection with point counts and with autonomous recorders varied between species pairs. We reject the null hypothesis of equal occupancy within pairs, concluding that expert knowledge on species rarity is useful and worth eliciting. Our results replace qualitative ratings of rarity with statistical estimates of occupancy, establishing a reliable baseline for future comparisons. Besides illustrating the relevance of expert knowledge, this application to Amazonian birds illustrates a flexible approach that can be used for testing knowledge about rarity for a variety of species groups and spatial scales.

ACS Style

Marconi Campos-Cerqueira; Mario Cohn-Haft; Claudeir F. Vargas; Carlos E. Nader; Christian B. Andretti; Thiago V. V. Costa; Monica Sberze; James E. Hines; Gonçalo Ferraz. Rare or elusive? A test of expert knowledge about rarity of Amazon forest birds. Diversity and Distributions 2013, 19, 710 -721.

AMA Style

Marconi Campos-Cerqueira, Mario Cohn-Haft, Claudeir F. Vargas, Carlos E. Nader, Christian B. Andretti, Thiago V. V. Costa, Monica Sberze, James E. Hines, Gonçalo Ferraz. Rare or elusive? A test of expert knowledge about rarity of Amazon forest birds. Diversity and Distributions. 2013; 19 (7):710-721.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marconi Campos-Cerqueira; Mario Cohn-Haft; Claudeir F. Vargas; Carlos E. Nader; Christian B. Andretti; Thiago V. V. Costa; Monica Sberze; James E. Hines; Gonçalo Ferraz. 2013. "Rare or elusive? A test of expert knowledge about rarity of Amazon forest birds." Diversity and Distributions 19, no. 7: 710-721.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2010 in Animal Conservation
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ACS Style

G. Ferraz; M. Sberze; M. Cohn-Haft. Using occupancy estimates to fine-tune conservation concerns. Animal Conservation 2010, 13, 19 -20.

AMA Style

G. Ferraz, M. Sberze, M. Cohn-Haft. Using occupancy estimates to fine-tune conservation concerns. Animal Conservation. 2010; 13 (1):19-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Ferraz; M. Sberze; M. Cohn-Haft. 2010. "Using occupancy estimates to fine-tune conservation concerns." Animal Conservation 13, no. 1: 19-20.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2010 in Animal Conservation
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ACS Style

M. Sberze; M. Cohn‐Haft; G. Ferraz. Old growth and secondary forest site occupancy by nocturnal birds in a neotropical landscape. Animal Conservation 2010, 13, 3 -11.

AMA Style

M. Sberze, M. Cohn‐Haft, G. Ferraz. Old growth and secondary forest site occupancy by nocturnal birds in a neotropical landscape. Animal Conservation. 2010; 13 (1):3-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Sberze; M. Cohn‐Haft; G. Ferraz. 2010. "Old growth and secondary forest site occupancy by nocturnal birds in a neotropical landscape." Animal Conservation 13, no. 1: 3-11.