This paper presents a novel solution for the classical leader-follower formation problem considering the case of nonholonomic mobile robots. A formation control strategy is proposed in a discrete-time context by considering the exact discrete-time discretization of the non-linear continuous-time kinematic model of the vehicle. The geometric formation of the robots allows us to derive an alternative model that describes the time evolution of the relative distance and angle between the robots. These variables are obtained in real-time by a vision-based localization system on board, in which the follower robot is equipped with a Kinect device, together with a recognition board mounted on the leader robot. The boundedness of the relative position error is formally proven by considering a feedback law that is delayed by one sampling period of time. Numerical simulations and real-time experiments are presented to verify the performance of the control strategy.

The main objective of this article is to present a controller capable of maintaining a chain formation of platooning type, among a set of non-holonomic mobile robots, keeping a time-gap separation between each pair of consecutive robots at the platoon. It is intended that the whole set of robots asymptotically follows any feasible trajectory described by the leader robot. Under these conditions, the distance between any pair of consecutive robots, that is, the i-th robot and the (i + 1)-th robot, depends on the velocity of the i-th robot. Only position measurements are available, such that, to avoid using approximate velocity estimations, the chain formation problem is solved by considering a delay observer strategy. Based on the measurements of the positions of the robots, along the platoon, a delay observer is built for the i-th robot that provides a virtual reference for the (i + 1)-th robot, and this reference corresponds to the i-th robot trajectory delayed specific units of time, corresponding to the desired time-gap separation. Convergence of the (i + 1)-th robot to its desired delayed trajectory, which implies convergence of the chain formation, is formally proved by means of a Lyapunov stability approach and supported by numerical simulations and real-time experiments.

Around the world many people loss a body member for many reasons, where advances of technology may be useful to help these people to improve the quality of their lives. Then, designing a technologically advanced prosthesis with natural movements is worthy for scientific, commercial, and social reasons. Thus, research of manufacturing, designing, and signal processing may lead up to a low-cost affordable prosthesis. This manuscript presents a low-cost design proposal for an electromyographic electronic system, which is characterized by a neural network based process. Moreover, a hand-type prosthesis is presented and controlled by using the processed electromyographic signals for a required particular use. For this purpose, the user performs several movements by using the healthy-hand to get some electromyographic signals. After that, the obtained signals are processed in a neural network based controller. Once an usable behavior is obtained, an exact replica of controlled motions are adapted for the other hand by using the designed prosthesis. The characterization process of bioelectrical signals was performed by training twenty characteristics obtained from the original raw signal in contrast with other papers in which seven characteristics have been tested on average. The proposed model reached a 95.2% computer test accuracy and 93% accuracy in a real environment experiment. The platform was tested via online and offline, where the best response was obtained in the online execution time.

This paper presents a navigation strategy for a platoon of n non-holonomic mobile robots with a time-varying spacing policy between each pair of successive robots at the platoon, such that a safe trailing distance is maintained at any speed, avoiding the robots getting too close to each other. It is intended that all the vehicles in the formation follow the trajectory described by the leader robot, which is generated by bounded input velocities. To establish a chain formation among the vehicles, it is required that, for each pair of successive vehicles, the ($i+1$)-th one follows the trajectory executed by the former i-th one, with a delay of $\tau \left(t\right)$ units of time. An observer is proposed to estimate the trajectory, velocities, and positions of the i-th vehicle, delayed $\tau \left(t\right)$ units of time, consequently generating the desired path for the ($i+1$)-th vehicle, avoiding numerical approximations of the velocities, rendering robustness against noise and corrupted or missing data as well as to external disturbances. Besides the time-varying gap, a constant-time gap is used to get a secure trailing distance between each two successive robots. The presented platoon formation strategy is analyzed and proven by using Lyapunov theory, concluding asymptotic convergence for the posture tracking between the ($i+1$)-th robot and the virtual reference provided by the observer that corresponds to the i-th robot. The strategy is evaluated by numerical simulations and real-time experiments.

Although additive manufacturing is a relatively new technology, it has been widely accepted by industry and academia due to the wide variety of prototypes that can be built. Furthermore, using mobile robots to carry out different tasks allows greater flexibility than using manipulator robots. In that sense, and based on those above, this article focuses on the design and assembly of a multi-configurable mobile robot that is capable of changing from a differential to an omnidirectional configuration. For this purpose, a sequential mechatronic design/control methodology was implemented to obtain an affordable platform via additive manufacturing which is easily scalable and allows the user to change from one configuration to another. As a proof of concept, this change is made manually. Fabrication, construction, and assembly processes for both structures are presented. Then, a hierarchical control law is designed. In this sense and based on Lyapunov’s method, a low-level controller is developed to control the angular speed of the wheels to a desired angular speed, and a medium-level controller controls the robot’s attitude to follow a desired Cartesian trajectory. Finally, the control strategies are implemented in both prototype configurations, and through experimental results, the theoretical analysis and the construction of the mobile robot are validated.

El crecimiento acelerado de la tecnología de la información ha extendido el panorama de diferentes aplicaciones que han sido desarrolladas para el Internet de las cosas (IoT), por ejemplo, aplicaciones de monitoreo o manipulación remota de sistemas. Por este motivo, es importante desarrollar sistemas de información enfocadas a aplicaciones remotas donde los usuarios puedan interactuar, controlar dispositivos o replicar diversas tareas. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de una interfaz gráfica de usuario (GUI) en Python, dicha interfaz adopta la filosofía de trabajo de código abierto y utiliza widgets de la librería Tkinter. La interfaz es utilizada en un sistema de control en lazo abierto y monitoreo de señales con un enfoque maestro-esclavo para un sistema electromecánico. Como validación experimental, se detalla el funcionamiento de la GUI en la interacción del entorno virtual con los elementos físicos del sistema.